ANNUAL MEETING
February 27-March 1, 2003
Hosted by
Jacksonville University
Local Arrangements
Jay Clarke
PROGRAM
Keynote Address
Teddy Uldricks
University of North Carolina, Asheville
SCHEDULE
FEBRUARY 27, 2003, THURSDAY
6:00-9:00 p.m. Registration, Prefunction Area
6:00-9:00 p.m. Informal, Drop-In, Reception, Plantains Lounge, Sea Turtle
FEBRUARY 28, 2003, FRIDAY
7:30-9:00 a.m. Continental Breakfast, Prefunction Area
Publishers’ Displays, Prefunction Area
8:30-10:00 a.m. Panel Session F1
The War Between the States, Plantation N
Chair: Jim Baugess
Lisa Tendrich Frank: "The Gloomy Bitterness that Filled My Breast":
The Effects of Sherman's March on Confederate Soldiers"
Robert M. Oxley: "The Affair at the Passes: An Early Fiasco for the Union
Navy Blockaders in the Gulf of Mexico"
Discussant: Craig Buettinger
Imperialism in Africa, Plantation S
Chair: James Christian
J. Calvitt Clarke III: "Ethiopia’s Dashed Hopes for Support: Daba
Birrou’s and Shoji Yunosuke’s Trip to Japan"
Daniel J. Walther: "When Is a Man a Man?" Masculinity and German
Colonialism in Southwest Africa, 1894-1914"
Discussant: Steven D. MacIsaac
Literary Heroines in History (UG), Island Ballroom A
Chair: Dick Gibson
Amy Beth Carney: "Without a Blemish: Helen of Troy"
Jean Louise Lammie: "Fictional Heroines of Girls' Series Literature: Role
Models of the Twentieth Century"
Discussant: Dick Gibson
10:15-11:45 a.m. Panel Session F2
East Asia: Korea and the Philippines, Plantation N
Chair: Blaine Browne
Bruce E. Bechtol Jr.: "The 1871 Battle of Kang Hwa Do"
Dennis Hart: "Birth of Two Nations: Rival Representations of the March
First Movement in North and South Korean History Textbooks."
Steven D. MacIsaac: "The Huk Rebellion in the Philippines and the Failed
Amnesty of 1948"
Discussant: Blaine Browne
The Indian Wars, Plantation S
Chair: Sean McMahon
Joseph L Meeler: "Andrew Jackson and American Military Operations in
the Mississippi"
Andrew Frank: "Englishmen in Disguise: Southeastern Indians and the
Imposition of Racial Identities"
Discussant: Sean McMahon
The Second Reconstruction: Politics and Violence in South Carolina and
Florida, Island Ballroom A
Chair: David Courtwright
Clarence Taylor: "Civil Rights Leadership Models: John Culmer and Theodore
Gibson"
James Christian: "The Orangeburg Massacre: Sources, Names, and
Context"
Jake Blake: "The Integration of Stetson University: The Development and
Failure of Stetson's Public Sphere" (UG)
Discussant: David Courtwright
Innovative Teaching, Island Ballroom B
Chair: Will Benedicks
Thomas Dunn and Daniel Robison: "Apples and Oranges: On the
Compatibility of High School and College History Courses in a Team-Teaching
Program"
Fred McCaleb: "Building Biltmore"
Dick Gibson, Justin Lang, Jess H. Jacobs: “Quarterstaff, Halfstaff, Fisticuffs, and Wrestling: the Medieval
Yeoman’s Martial Arts”
Discussant: Will Benedicks
11:45 a.m.-1:30 p.m. Lunch on your own
11:45 a.m.-1:20 p.m. Business Lunch, Plantains—open to all registrants
1:30 3:00 p.m. Panel Session F3
Florida and the Cold War, Plantation N
Chair: Nick Wynne
Bill Marina: "Congressman Dante Fascell and the Cold War"
Frank DeBenedictus: "The Fair Play for Cuba Committee"
Nathan Weyl (paper read by John Childrey): “A Former Communist Reflects on His
Involvement in the Cold War After Writing “Red Star Over Cuba”
Discussant: Eric Thomas
Revolution in the Western Hemisphere, Plantation S
Chair: Jeanine Clark
John Garrigus: “ Brothers in Arms / Brothers in Ideology? The Influence
of American Revolutionary Veterans in the Haitian Revolution”
Steven Scheuler: “The Search for Santucho’s Grave: Argentina’s Dirty Warriors
Reluctance to Provide Information on the Disappeared”
Discussant: Philip Blood
Reimagining Traditions: Cultivation of Early 20th Century
National Identities, Island Ballroom A
Chair: Joe Perry, Georgia State University
Kevin Goldberg, Georgia State University: “Constructing a Museum, a
Memory, and a Nation: The Role of Skansen in Creating a Historical
National Narrative in Sweden”
Brian Miller, Georgia State University: “Reinventing a National Heritage:
Remembering World War I in Rural Georgia—A Case Study of Morgan County”
Leslie DeLassus, Georgia State University: “Imagining Autonomy: Preservation of
National Culture through Narrative Representation”
Discussant: Joe Perry, Georgia State University
War in the Twentieth
Century (UG) , Island Ballroom B
Chair: David Mock
James Green: “NAZI Policy in the Third Reich, 1933-1941: Emigration First”
Colleen R. Harris: “1918: The United States and the Collapse of the Austro-Hungarian
Empire”
Discussant: David Mock
3:15-4:45 p.m. Panel Session F4
America and the Cold War (UG), Plantation N
Chair: Steve Piscitelli
Christi McCullars: “Operation Pedro Pan: Cold War Foreign Policy in Neverland”
Clara Sherley-Appel: “Ambivalent Culture: Film and McCarthyism”
Discussant: Tony de la Cova
Evaluating War: Morality, Economics, and Race, Plantation S
Chair: Blaine Browne
Jurgen Brauer and Hubert van Tuyll: “What, If Anything, Can Economics Tell Us
About the Conduct of War? The Civil War and the Principle of Information”
Eric Freiberger: “The Origins of Just War Theory and its Contemporary
Relevance”
Richard M. Reid: “Perceptions of Performance Assessing Combat Effectiveness in
the Civil War”
Discussant: Bruce E. Bechtol
Florida and Environmental History, Island Ballroom A
Chair: Ken Hoover
Jeanine Clark: “Sanctuary, Play Land or Profit Maker: John Pennekamp Coral Reef
State Park”
Rebecca Johnson: “One Woman, One Book: How Marjory Stoneman Douglas Changed the
Ecological History of Florida”
Discussant: Ken Hoover
Odds and Ends, Island Ballroom B
Chair: Noel Jacoby
Akmal Ahmedov: “The Formation of Timur’s State”
John Farris: “The Debate About Minimum Wage Policy During the Early Jimmy
Carter Administration”
Discussant: Noel Jacoby
5:00-5:45
Graduate Program in History at Florida International University, Miami,
FL: Information Session, Plantation N
Joseph F. Patrouch, Directory of Graduate Studies
6:30-7:30 p.m.
Reception and Entertainment, Ocean Terrace
6:50-7:15
The JU Feast & Folly
Players of Jacksonville University
Presents: "John, Tib, Marjorie, and John"
By John Heywood
Directed by Dick Gibson
"The JU Feast & Folly Players" is a group of students, faculty,
and staff, dedicated to rescuing, recreating, and performing Medieval and
Renaissance English plays and music in the styles and venues for which they
were intended--i.e., at festal occasions, often outdoors and bawdy with song,
dance, fisticuffs, or swordplay as appropriate as well as a loud, involved
audience interacting with the players.
John Heywood was Henry VIIIth's favorite playwright.
7:20-7:25 p. m
Welcoming Remarks
Gary Moore, Provost and Academic Vice-President, Jacksonville University
7:30-9:00 p.m.
Banquet, Ocean Room
8:30-9:00
Keynote Speaker: Teddy Uldricks
University of North Carolina at Asheville
"ICEBREAKER": STALIN,
HITLER AND THE ORIGINS OF WAR ON THE EASTERN FRONT
MARCH 1, 2003, SATURDAY
7:30-9:00 a.m. Continental Breakfast, Prefunction Area
Publishers’ Displays, Prefunction Area
8:00-9:30 a.m. Panel Session S1
Politics in Florida and Elsewhere, Plantation N
Chair: Joan Carver
Michael Hoover: "Turn Your Radio On: Brailey Odham’s 1952
"Talkathon" Campaign for Florida Governor"
Gregg Lightfoot: "The People vs. The Railroad—Civil Disobedience and
Waterfront Rights in Early Miami"
Robert Burnham: "Democratizing the Businessman’s Government: Proportional
Representation and the City Manager Plan"
Discussant: Joan Carver
Cuba and the USA, 1898 and 1959, Plantation S
Chair: Jack McTague
Timothy F. Brown: "Heritage and Homeland: N.G. Gonzales, His State
Newspaper, and His Call for South Carolina’s Re-Emergence During the
Spanish-American-Cuban War of 1898"
Jacqueline E. Clancy: "The Distant Strain of Triumph: Women's Behind the
Scenes Fight Against Spain 1898"
Antonio de la Cova: "Comandante William Morgan: Cuban Rebel With a
Cause"
Discussant: Jack McTague
Creating Modern Europe, Island Ballroom A
Chair: John Garrigus
Joseph F. Patrouch: "Pearls in a Portrait: Francois Clouet’s 1571
Depiction of the Archduchess Elizabeth of Habsburg"
David Mock: "The Sixteenth Century Debate about Resistance to Political
Authority and the Issue of Female Regiment"
Robert L. Shearer: “Mathematics and the Mind of God: The New Cosmology of the
Seventeenth Century”
Discussant: John Garrigus
9:45-11:15 a.m. Panel Session S2
The Second Reconstruction: Desegregation and Civil Rights in Florida,
Plantation N
Chair: Jennifer Trost
James V. Holton: "The Best Education Provided’: A History of School
Integration in Polk County, Florida, 1963-1994"
Gordon K. Mantler: "‘I’m Against the Way It Is Being Done’: School
Desegregation and Civility in Pinellas Country, Florida"
Discussant: Jennifer Trost
Children in Russia, Plantation S
Chair: Paul Edson
John Calhoun: "Student Attitudes in Nizhni, Russia Toward the Second World
War"
Hugh Phillips: "Homeless Children in Southern Russia in the 1920s"
Discussant: Theo Prousis
Public Spaces, Island Ballroom A
Chair: Brian Keaney
Louis Zelenka Jr:.: “An Historiographical Look at Bethel Cemetery, Columbia
Country, Florida, 1855-2003"
Julian C. Chambliss: “Moral Authority and Public Space: Club Women and the
Construction of Municipal Space”
Jeannie Theriault: “Cemetery of Pere Lachaise in Paris”
Discussant: Brian Keaney
Early American Collective Memory and Identity (UG), Island Ballroom B
Chair: Andrew Frank
Kristi Hall: "The American Mind in the Early 19th Century"
Allison Coble: "Spain’s Forgotten Role in the American Revolution"
Discussant: Andrew Frank
11:30-1:00 p.m. Panel Session S3
The Politics, Economics, and Culture of Race in the Second Half of the
Twentieth Century (UG), Plantation N
Chair: Jim Holton
Anna Faulkner: "Historic Preservation and the Politics of Race: Restoring
the Douglass Theater of Macon, Georgia, 1978-1996"
Jennifer Williams: "Compromised Civil Rights in Florida"
Amber Davis: "African American Courtship in the 1950s"
Discussant: Jim Holton
Hot Spots in 2002 and 2003, Plantation S
Chair: Hugh Phillips
Jack McTague: "Kashmir and Palestine: Comparative Crises"
Marco Rimanelli: "Saddam's Totalitarian State: Iraq's Policies of Domestic
Repression & Impact of War"
Sam Hart: "US Strategy For
Dealing With Hot Spots: Different Blows For Different Joes"
Discussant: Hugh Phillips
World War II, and After, Island Ballroom A
Chair: John Calhoun
Philip W. Blood: "Bandenbekämpfung: Nazi Occupation Security in Eastern
Europe and Soviet Russia 1942-45"
Jonathan Friedman: "The Sachsenhausen Trials: War Crimes Prosecution in
the Soviet Union and East and West Germany, 1945-1970"
Brian Keaney: “Hans Morgenthau: The Life of a Realist”
Discussant: David Proctor
ABSTRACTS AND BIOGRAPHIES OF PARTICIPANTS
Akmal Ahmedov, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Samarkand
E-mail: fuallanruz@yahoo.com
Panel: Odds and Ends, F4
Presentation Abstract: "The Formation of Timur’s State"
Amir Timur, a.k.a. Tamerlane, led the struggle against the Mongol yoke that had
begun in the 1220s when Mongol troops led by Genghis-khan conquered the
territory of Turkistan. As a result of his military successes in Iran,
Azerbaijan, Iraq, and Syria between 1381 and 1404, Timur put an end to
long-standing, feudal, internecine wars in those countries. When Timur defeated
the mighty Turkish sultan, Bayazid the Lighting-Wielder, in 1402, the peoples
of the Balkan peninsula found their freedom from the Ottoman Turkish yoke, and
the peoples of Western Europe were freed from the danger of Turkish attack. The
most important result of Timur’s wars was the restoration of economic and cultural
ties among the countries of the Far East and the Middle East, ties which had
existed since the ancient times but had been interrupted after Genghis-khan’s
invasion.
Biography: Akmal Ahmedov is working toward his Ph.D. at the Samarkand
Branch of the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences. He teaches history at the college
of Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages and he is the Vice-President
of Samarkand branch of the International Charity Foundation, "Golden
Heritage" in the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Jim Baugess, Columbus State Community College, Columbus, OH
E-mail: jbaugess@cscc.edu
Panel Chair: The War Between the States, F1
Biography: Jim Baugess is an
instructor at Columbus State Community College in Columbus, Ohio, where he
teaches Western and American Civilization survey courses. He has also published
several encyclopedia articles and book reviews. He is currently working on a
manuscript on the chaplains in the Army of Northern Virginia.
Bruce E. Bechtol Jr., Department of Defence
E-mail: brucebechtoljr@mindspring.com
Panel: East Asia: Korea and the Philippines, F2
Presentation Abstract: "The 1871 Battle of Kang Hwa Do"
This paper reports the results of a historical campaign analysis studying the
1871 Battle of Kang Hwa Do: the events that led to this historic battle,
including the initial conflict between French and Korean forces, the
destruction of a U.S. merchant ship attempting to sail up the Taedong River,
and the diplomatic moves between the U.S. and Korean governments that led to
the deployment of an American flotilla to the island in 1871. The majority of
the study examines the actual 16-hour campaign that occurred in June 1871.
Results of the campaign analysis suggest that the United States won a tactical
victory because of vastly superior combat equipment--particularly the newly
issued Remington Rolling Block Rifle, an infantry weapon far superior to the
outdated muskets carried by Korean forces. Despite the tactical victory, the
small size of the U.S. flotilla and its combat troops forced a withdrawal, and
the government of Korea continued to refuse to open diplomatic or trade
relations with the United States until the Shufeldt Treaty was signed eleven years
later, making the United States the first Western nation to establish formal
diplomatic relations with Korea.
Panel Chair: Evaluating War: Morality, Economics, and Race, F4
Biography: Bruce E. Bechtol Jr. received his Ph.D. in National Security
Studies from the Union Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio. He also holds a Master of
Arts in International Affairs from Catholic University in Washington DC, a
Master of Military Studies from the US Marine Corps Command and Staff in
Quantico, Virginia, and a Bachelor of Science in Liberal Studies from Excelsior
College in Albany, New York. He currently serves as a Senior Analyst for
Northeast Asia with the Department of Defense at the Pentagon, where he has
served since 1997. From 1977 to 1997, he was on active duty in the Marine
Corps, serving as a cryptologist at various duty stations in the continental
United States, the Western Pacific and in East Asia. Dr. Bechtol is an adjunct
professor of National Security Studies at the American Military University in
Manassas, Virginia, and is the author of Avenging the General Sherman: The 1871
Battle of Kang Hwa Do. He has also authored a number of articles regarding
Korea. In addition, he has presented papers and conducted briefings on a wide
variety of intelligence and national security issues at conferences and
symposiums.
Will Benedicks, Tallahassee Community College, Tallahassee, FL
E-mail: BENEDICW@tcc.cc.fl.us
Panel Discussant: East Asia; Korea and the Philippines, F2
Biography: Dr. Benedicks, a former President of the Florida Conference of
Historians, is the organization's Permanent Secretary.
Philip W. Blood, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Germany
E-mail:
philipwblood@aol.com
Panel: World War II and After, S3
Presentation Abstract: "Bandenbekämpfung: Nazi Occupation Security in
Eastern Europe and Soviet Russia 1942-45"
Bandenbekämpfung was a Nazi euphemism for the combating of guerrillas and
partisans, and well-organised groups of resistance. It was a policy congruent
to Nazi racial programmes (genocide and resettlement), and had the additional
task of securing the economic exploitation of the occupied territories.
Following the disastrous Russian winter campaign of 1941-42, the assassination
of Reinhard Heydrich, and the growth of allied commando raids and Soviet
partisan incursions, Hitler introduced the doctrine of Bandenbekämpfung in
1942, commanded by Heinrich Himmler. By 1944, the Bandenkampfverbände, as it
became known, had also formed its own distinctive bureaucratic culture.
Initially, Bandenbekämpfung was the means to securing the Nazi colonial policy
of Lebensraum. In this context, it continued the punitive practice of the
annihilation of Jews and political opponents as symbols of resistance to German
rule. At the same time, it became an agency by which Himmler engineered the
SS-Police establishment into greater prominence within the overall war effort.
From a broader perspective, it was a general operational policy that routinely
allowed all the armed forces (including the SS) a high degree of freedom and
flexibility in the employment of counter-insurgency measures; applied to all
fronts and theatres of the war. Thus, the armed forces were no longer constrained
by the laws of war. Finally, it was a cost-effective instrument for the
eradication of political and racial opponents within occupied countries.
Bandenbekämpfung was more than just a counter-insurgency policy; it was a Nazi
security policy.
Panel Discussant: Revolution in the Western Hemisphere, F3
Biography: After receiving an MBA and working in the insurance industry
in a number of countries, Professor Blood received his Ph.D. from the Royal
Military College of Science, Shrivenham, University of Cranfield, in 2002. His
dissertation was "Bandenbekämpfung: Nazi occupation security in Eastern
Europe and Soviet Russia 1942-45." He has wide interests including: the
political and social history of railways; German colonial and occupation security
policy between 1871 and 1945; U.S. colonial and occupation policing policy from
1861 to 1970; the historical questions and problems of globalization; and the
history of political violence.
Jurgen Brauer, Augusta State University, Augusta, GA
E-mail: jbrauer@aug.edu
Panel: Evaluating War: Morality, Economics, and Race, F4
Presentation Abstract: "What, If Anything, Can Economics Tell Us About
the Conduct of War? The Civil War and the Principle of Information"
(co-presented with Hubert van Tuyll)
Economic thinking has been applied to many diverse fields, including
general history, but not to military history as a whole. Planning and
prosecuting war require making choices, and because the analysis of
decision-making is the provenance of economics, military history is amenable to
economic analysis. We hope to lay the foundation for a new method of analyzing
military history in which economic principles serve as guidelines. We have
selected a number of fundamental economic principles and have applied them to
illustrative cases of military history. In this paper we have chosen to examine
one principle, that of information. The principle explains the effects on
markets when one party to a transaction knows more than the other—a fairly
common situation. Differential information leads to exploitable advantages by
one side in the exchange to maintain a higher than competitive price.
Deliberate attempts to mislead are expected. Military establishments are geared
to develop differential information through secrecy, screening, reconnaissance,
misleading, and espionage. All armies do these things to some degree. To what
extent can military commanders’ decisions be explained by asymmetric
information? This paper will survey recent literature on the most prominent
Civil War campaigns to answer this question.
Biography: Professor Brauer teaches Economics at Augusta State
University. He is a board member and vice-chair of Economists Allied for Arms
Reduction. Dr. Brauer holds business and economics degrees from the Free
University of Berlin and the University of Notre Dame. In addition to several
books, his publications include numerous articles in journals such as the
Journal of Economic Perspectives, Economic Development and Cultural Change, Cambridge
Review of International Affairs, Challenge, the Bulletin of Peace Proposals,
Journal of Economic Education, Journal of Economic Surveys, and Medicine &
Global Survival.
Timothy F. Brown, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
E-mail: Timbrown@sc.edu
WWW: http://www.jour.sc.edu/people/brown.htm
Panel: Cuba and the USA, 1898 and 1959, S1
Presentation Abstract: "Heritage and Homeland: N.G. Gonzales, His State
Newspaper, and His Call for South Carolina’s Re-Emergence During the
Spanish-American-Cuban War of 1898"
Narciso Gener Gonzales was the founding editor of The State newspaper in
Columbia, South Carolina in 1890. His father was a Cuban Freedom fighter in the
1840’s, and N.G. himself lived in Matanzas for a short time as a child. As war
was brewing between the United States and Spain over his father’s homeland,
Gonzales wrote not only in favor of helping the Cuban people if they asked, but
also for South Carolinians’ seizing the opportunity to re-establish themselves
as part of the Union. A generation removed from the Civil War, would South
Carolina be ready to send more husbands and sons to die in battle? Gonzales
said they should, and he marched to war himself. This paper traces his
editorials in the year leading up to America’s eventual involvement in the war,
and how he exhorted his fellow Palmetto State citizens to become united in the
cause of Cuba Libre.
Biography: Timothy Brown received his M.A. degree from the University of
South Carolina-Columbia in 2001. He has wide experience in television and radio
news.
Blaine Browne, Broward Community College, North Campus, Coconut Creek, FL
E-mail: BBrowne@Broward.edu
Panel Chair and Discussant: Korea and the Philippines, F2
Panel Chair: Evaluating War: Morality, Economics, and Race, F4
Biography: Professor Browne received his Ph.D. from the University of
Oklahoma. He has authored articles on early and modern U.S. history and is the
co-author of Uncertain Order: The World in the Twentieth Century. He is a past
and is the current president of the FCH.
Craig Buettinger, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, FL
E-mail: cbuetti@ju.edu
Panel Discussant: The War Between the States, F1
Biography: Dr. Buettinger received his Ph.D. from Northwestern University,
and he teaches History at Jacksonville University. Among a number of journal
articles, his "Masters on Trial: The Enforcement of Laws Against Self-Hire
by Slaves in Jacksonville and Palatka, Florida" appeared in Civil War
History.
Robert Burnham, Macon State College, Macon , GA
E-mail: RBurnham@mail.MaconState.edu
Panel: Politics in Florida and Elsewhere, S1
Presentation Abstract: "Democratizing the Businessman’s Government:
Proportional Representation and the City Manager Plan"
During the Progressive Era, many municipal reformers embraced the notion that a
city government ought to operate as a business to achieve efficiency and
improve city services. This effort culminated in the 1910s and 1920s with the
widespread adoption of the city manager plan, which placed executive authority
in the hands of an appointed official. While this pleased many reformers and
won the approval of leading businessmen, critics attacked the new form of city
government as undemocratic. In response to such criticism, some reformers began
championing the idea of coupling the city manager plan with proportional
representation (PR), a voting system designed to guarantee minority
representation. This story of how PR became linked to the city manager plan
underscores some of the interesting dynamics of municipal reform in the
Progressive Era. It shows how values associated with "structural
reform" and "social reform"—a dichotomy that has shaped and
perhaps oversimplified our understanding of the period—sometimes intersected
with each other in the interest of achieving compromise. Also, an examination
of the arguments made in support of PR after 1910, along with the advent of the
city manager plan itself, reflected the emergence of a new mode of thought that
viewed the city as a pluralistic entity composed of separate but interdependent
and potentially equal groups, parts, and systems.
Biography: Professor Burnham received his Ph.D. from the University of
Cincinnati in 1990. He has written a number of articles and has presented a
number of papers at conferences on citing planning and related issues.
John Calhoun, Palm Beach Atlantic University, Palm Beach, FL
E-mail: calhoun@pbac.edu
Panel: Children in Russia, S2
Presentation Abstract: "Student Attitudes in Nizhni, Russia Toward the Second
World War"
While Russians still celebrate the end of World War Two and the victory
over fascism, I was curious to find out what current student attitudes are
concerning this important event. Given the new reality in Russia where old
holidays (anniversary of the revolution, for example) are often poorly attended
or met with indifference, I wondered how the present generation views World War
Two. Almost one hundred and fifty students from grades 9-11 in seven classrooms
in five schools were interviewed. While this does not represent a random sample
of all high school students in Nizhni, it does represent the attitudes of
almost one hundred and fifty students to whom I was able to gain access. All
schools surveyed were normal high schools. Most were located in the industrial
part of Nizhni, but one was located in eastern half of the city. Students were
asked their opinion of World War Two and later who won World War Two.
Additionally they were asked to rank the top five of ten events in twentieth
century Russia. These three questions will form the basis for the paper I will
present at the Florida Conference of Historians.
Panel Chair: Germany, Soviet Russia, and World War II, S3
Biography: John Calhoun has been a college professor for twenty-eight
years in three countries (U.S., Canada, and Mexico) and has taught political
science in Spanish for six years while a professor at the University of the
Americas in Puebla, Mexico. He has taught political science and history at Palm
Beach Atlantic University for nineteen years. He has research Mexican
nationalism, the national identity of Newfoundlanders, the role of small
community groups in the Northern Ireland peace process, public opinion and the
general elections of 1992 and 1997 in Great Britain, and the Salvadorean peace
process.
Joan Carver, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, FL
E-mail: jcarver@ju.edu
Panel Chair and Discussant: Politics in Florida and Elsewhere, S1
Biography: Joan S. Carver is Professor Emeritus of Political Science at
Jacksonville University. She has presented papers and published articles on
Florida politics, women in government and politics, and metropolitan
government.
Julian C. Chambliss, University of
Florida, Gainesville, FL
E-mail: jchambli@history.ufl.edu
Panel: Public Spaces, S2
Presentation Abstract: “Moral
Authority and Public Space: Club Women and the Construction of Municipal Space”
This papers explores how club
women in Chicago and Atlanta utilized city planning to shape public space,
demonstrating how ideas concerning class, identity, and modernity fused with
municipal policy. This project
highlights how planning combined contemporary beliefs about social science,
reform, and identity into a single methodology guiding urban development. While rising racial tension, economic
development, and class identification have been associated planned urban
development in the postwar era, this project will addresses how comprehensive
city plans addressed these same problems in the Progressive Era, emphasizing
some paths while obscuring others. The
exploration of city planning will provide a new dimension to considerations of
urban development in the Progressive Era.
In Chicago, city planning evolved from a private enterprise, garnering
significant political, ideological, and fiscal support. In Atlanta, this process was hampered by
scarce resources, yet there were manifest similarities suggesting that the planning
movement utilized universal cultural belief. An exploration of club women’s
role highlights how the social, political, and economic concerns of the
Progressive Era drove the emerging of the city planning movement. Comprehensive city plans merged aesthetics
concerns, social science methodology, and reform into a single movement. Club
women in both cities sought to create ideal conditions for a stable cityscape
in the face of increasing industrial growth and technological change.
Biography: Mr. Chambliss is in the final approval stage of his
dissertation, “Atlanta and Chicago: Searching for the Planning Imperative,
1900-1930.” He has presented papers a
several conference on topics of urban planning, urban technology, and gender and race in the construction of
urban space.
John Childrey, Florida Atlantic University
E-mail:
Abstract: "A Former Communist Reflects on His Involvement in the Cold War
After Writing "Red Star Over Cuba."
Nathaniel Weyl joined the Communist Party in the early 1930s, breaking with
it in 1939. Perhaps the most well-known
of his fourteen books is Red Star Over Cuba, written in 1960 about the
time he moved to Florida. In this
paper, he discusses some of his subsequent activities regarding U.S. government
and anti-Castro Cuban efforts directed against Fidel Castro's regime as well as
other aspects of the Cold War.
Professor Marina has culled this paper from Weyl's larger manuscript,
and Professor Childrey has further edited it.
Biography:
James Christian, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
E-mail: jamesch@infoave.net
Panel: The Second Reconstruction: Politics and Violence in South Carolina and
Florida, F2
Presentation Abstract: "The Orangeburg Massacre: Sources, Names, and
Context"
The Orangeburg Massacre of 1968 was South Carolina's most violent
civil-rights-era event. Understanding it is crucial to understanding South
Carolina's history, because it laid bare the Jim Crow system of segregation.
The literature suggests that the immediacy of newspapers influence how
individuals shape their understanding of events and thus what they remember.
This paper examines how mainstream and Black newspapers, which serve different
audiences and have different purposes, covered the Orangeburg Massacre. It
explores how source attributions, key word selection, and reference wordings
may have biased newspaper coverage of the Orangeburg Massacre. Content
analysis, within an historical context, is used to reveal patterns of coverage
and message delivery. This study replicates and extends earlier research that
only considered mainstream local, regional, and national newspapers. While the
original researcher found differences in coverage by these mainstream
newspapers, this project reveals that coverage by mainstream newspapers was, in
truth, quite similar, but differed significantly from coverage by Black
newspapers.
Panel Chair: Imperialism in Africa, F1
Biography: James Christian is a doctoral student in the School of
Journalism and Mass Communication, in the College of Mass Communications and
Information Studies at the University of South Carolina. He received his Master
of Public Administration from the University of Charleston in 2000. He has
worked as a technical writer for several software firms. He received a BA in
Communication from the College of Charleston in 1997.
Jacqueline E. Clancy, Independent Scholar, Richmond Hill, GA
E-mail: jackieclancy@aol.com
Panel: Cuba and the USA, 1898 and 1959, S1
Presentation Abstract "The
Distant Strain of Triumph: Women's Behind the Scenes Fight Against Spain
1898"
The United States celebrated the Centennial of the Spanish-American War in
1998. Because the conflict was short-lived, historians have paid little
attention to its impact on soldiers who participated, and even less attention
to women’s roles. Whether in organizations like the Colonial Dames or on their
own, many women demonstrated their support in various ways. Their long arm
reached out to soldiers at home and overseas. Although they did not engage in
combat, many women fought against Spain behind the scenes. Some women served as
nurses, raised money for supplies, or did whatever they could do to help the
war effort. However, their accomplishments are buried in one- hundred-year-old
documents and newspaper articles waiting to be uncovered. Some women had no
intentions of being involved with the war efforts, but often they were forced
into active roles. Eleanor Kinzie Gordon (Nellie), wife of Brigadier General William
Washington Gordon II (Willie), and her daughter, Juliette Gordon Low (Daisy),
found themselves in such a position at Camp Miami in July 1898. General
Gordon’s brigade suffered from malaria and typhoid fever. Without any medical
training or professional experience, the Gordon women cared for the enfeebled
soldiers by giving them palatable and nutritious food, a comfortable place to
rest, and effective homemade remedies to nurse them back to duty. Beyond Nellie
Gordon’s story, this paper also demonstrates how the brief military conflict
affected some women’s lives. As in other wars, women sacrificed their men,
acted as nurses, contributed supplies, and sometimes stepped into unusual roles
to help their country.
Biography: Jacqueline Clancy received her M.A. from Georgia Southern
University in 2002. Her thesis was "The Good Angel to the Boys in Blue:
Eleanor Kinzie Gordon’s Wartime Summer at Camp Miami 1898."
Jeanine Clark, Northern Illinois University, St. Charles, IL
E-mail: JeanineClark@ATT.Net
Panel: Florida and Environmental History, F4
Presentation Abstract: "Sanctuary, Play Land or Profit Maker: John
Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park"
In 1961, the state of Florida set aside a section of land (terrestrial and
submerged) that was to become John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park. Shortly
thereafter, the national government lent further support to this marine
wonderland by creating the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary.
Philanthropists joined the forces with conservationists and nature enthusiasts
to help make Pennekamp one of the most beautiful and unique parks in the United
States. The sole reef within the continental U.S. borders would be safe from
commercial harvesting and fishing. The Keys sanctuary, with the star attraction
being Pennekamp, would stand as a symbol of bio-diversity and preservation to
be attained by all future sanctuaries. By state and national measures, the reef
off Key Largo should have been protected, but from the start the area was reshaped
as a park and not treated as a sanctuary. The history of John Pennekamp Coral
Reef State Park and the Keys National Marine Sanctuary provides insight into
some of the oldest environmental discussions in the US. Should environmentally
important areas be restored, preserved, used minimally for profit, or be
exploited to their fullest extent? The history of this unique marine sanctuary
reflects that of the US’s treatment of terrestrial sanctuaries—ambivalence on
the part of the people.
Panel Chair: Revolution in the Western Hemisphere, F3
Biography: Ms. Jeanine Clark received her M.A. from Northern Illinois
University in Ancient History in August 2001. Her thesis was "Roman
Society on the Danube." At present, she is in her third year in the Ph.D.
program in American Environmental History at Northern Illinois University. She
focuses on Marine Sanctuaries. Ms. Clark has presented papers at several
international conferences.
J. Calvitt Clarke III, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, FL
E-mail: jclarke@ju.edu
WWW: http://users.ju.edu/jclarke/default.htm
Panel: Imperialism in Africa, F1
Presentation Abstract: "Ethiopia’s Dashed Hopes for Support: Daba Birrou’s
and Shoji Yunosuke’s Trip to Japan"
In August 1935, as Italy was in the final stages of its preparations to attack
Ethiopia, the Ethiopians were desperately combing the world for the friends and
supplies needed to withstand the coming onslaught. Many Ethiopians held high
hopes that Japan would assist them in their struggle. In mid-August, Emperor
Hayle Sellase sent Daba Birrou to Japan to secure political assistance and
military supplies. Shoji Yunosuke, a correspondent for the Osaka Mainichi
and Tokyo Nichi Nichi accompanied him. Shoji was pan-Asianist and for
several years had enthusiastically publicized Ethiopia as suitable commercial
and political ally in Africa. His newspaper sponsored the trip. Despite the
enthusiastic welcome for Daba and Shoji from many nationalist Japanese, the
government in Tokyo proved unwilling to oppose Italy. Its interests in Ethiopia
were too few to risk a confrontation with Italy in a theater so far away. After
seven months of frustration, Daba left Japan, only weeks before Italy entered
Addis Ababa. Japan quickly accommodated itself to Italy’s new empire.
Biography: A former President of the FCH, Dr. Clarke has written a
monograph, Russia and Italy Against Hitler: The Bolshevik-Fascist
Rapprochement of the 1930s. He has also written a number of articles on the
diplomacy surrounding the Italo-Ethiopian War. At present, he is working with a
Japanese scholar on relations between Ethiopia and Japan before World War II.
David
Courtwright, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL
E-mail: dcourtwr@unf.edu
Panel Chair and Discussant: The Second Reconstruction: Politics and Violence
in South Carolina and Florida, F2
Biography: Professor Courtwright teaches at the University of North
Florida. His research interests include social, political, legal, medical, and
technological history. He is currently working on a history of aviation in the
twentieth century.
Antonio de la Cova, Rose-Hulman Institute of
Technology, Terre Haute, IN
E-mail: Antonio.DelaCova@rose-hulman.edu
Panel: Cuba and the USA, 1898 and 1959, S1
Presentation Abstract: "Comandante William Morgan: Cuban Rebel With a
Cause"
William Morgan was a petty hoodlum from Ohio, dishonorably discharged from the
U.S. Army, who was pursuing the easy life when he arrived on Havana in late
1957. A twist of fate made him join the rebels of the Second Front of Escambray
fighting the Batista regime. On the battlefield he found purpose, love, and
redemption. Morgan received the highest rank allotted by the Revolution,
Comandante (Major), the same rank as Fidel Castro. He married a Cuban female
guerrilla fighter and had two daughters. In August 1959, he acted as a double
agent to help break up the first massive conspiracy against the Castro regime.
When Morgan began publicly denouncing Communist influence in the revolution,
Castro relegated him to running a frog farm. Morgan and his wife Olga decided
to support the nascent anti-Communist guerrillas in the Escambray, which led to
their arrest. He was sentenced to death and executed by firing squad. This
paper will provide a new look at this forgotten hero of the Cuban Revolution,
who was one of twenty-five American guerrillas who fought against the Batista
regime.
Panel Discussant: America and the Cold War (UG) , F4
Biography: Dr. de la Cova is Assistant Professor of Latin American
Studies at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. He received his Ph.D. from West
Virginia University in 1994. His dissertation, "Cuban Confederate Colonel
Ambrosio Jose Gonzales" is scheduled for publication in July 2003 with the
University of South Carolina Press. He specializes in United States-Cuba
Relations.
Frank DeBenedictus
E-mail: FrankSDeBenedictis@compuserve.com
Panel: Florida and the Cold War, F3
Presentation Abstract: "The Fair Play for Cuba Committee"
When diplomatic relations between the United States and Cuba broke off in
January 1961, the Fidel Castro led 26th of July Movement chapters in the United
States became associated with a foreign government hostile to the United
States. Its demise became a certainty. But another pro-Castro organization
began operating in April 1960. After the 1961 diplomatic break, it became the
primary group espousing pro-Castro views. The Fair Play for Cuba Committee
defended the revolutionary government of Fidel Castro, and as the Castro regime
drifted in the direction of the Soviet Union, this organization found itself a
part of Cold War activity existing in the United States. Tampa, Florida had one
of the most active chapters of the FPCC in the nation, and like other chapters
came under the surveillance of the US Senate Internal Security Committee, the
FBI, CIA, and state and local intelligence groups. This paper will identify the
Cold War reaction in Florida to this organization, and will show that the Tampa
chapter was under heavy surveillance. It will look at the federal agencies and
the Florida State Legislative Investigative Committee in addition to police
files from Miami, Tampa, and New Orleans.
Biography:
Leslie Delassus, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
E-mail: ldelassus@earthlink.net
Panel: Reimagining Traditions: Cultivation of Early 20th Century
National Identities, F3
Paper Abstract: "Imagining Autonomy": Preservation of National
Culture through Narrative Representation
The turbulent Weimar period called into question the autonomy of the German
film industry. Filmmakers of this period borrowed from the archives of German
cultural history myths that evoked a sense of a classic and pure German
culture. By revising these myths to express contemporary concerns, Weimar films
created a new space for remembering and reinventing the German cultural past.
As case studies, both Faust (F.W. Murnau, 1926)and Metropolis
(Fritz Lang, 1927) appropriate from German cultural history numerous icons,
symbols, and characters. Significantly, the narrative development may be better
understood as representing the turbulent interwar period of Ufa’s dependence on
Hollywood studios, particularly, Paramount, MGM, and Famous Players-Lasky. The
anxiety caused by this ‘Hollywood Dawes Plan’ surfaced in the filmic
imagination: the celluloid Mephisto threatens the embodiment of classic German
purity, Faust’s Gretchen; Metropolis’s machine-woman threatens another
manifestation of pure German culture, Maria.
Biography: Ms. DeLassus, graduate of Georgia State University, is
currently applying to Ph.D. programs in film studies and cultural studies.
Thomas Dunn, Troy State University (Florida and Western Region), Ft.
Walton Beach, FL
E-mail: tpdunn@tsufl.edu
Panel: Innovative Teaching, F2
Presentation Abstract: "Apples and Oranges: On the Compatibility of
High School and College History Courses in a Team-Teaching Program"
Drs. Dunn and Daniel Robison will co-present a paper on a unique, dual
enrollment program in Okaloosa County, Ft. Walton Beach, Crestview. Four county
high schools wanted to give their Advanced Placement students an opportunity to
earn college credits while remaining on campus. Troy State University (Florida
and Western Region) brought in accredited personnel to work closely with the AP
teachers. Over 800 students have been enrolled each year, and twenty of them
have even earned their Associate of Arts degree. This presentation will cover
the integrated teaching methods utilized to accomplish this innovative program,
with an emphasis on the current status of high school history courses and their
compatibility with university-level courses.
Biography: Dr. Dunn, who earned his Ph.D. in sociology from the University
of Kentucky, for two years has chaired the University School program and has
taught sociology and psychology.
Paul Edson, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona, FL
E-mail: edsonp@erau.edu / Paul.Edson@erau.edu
Panel Chair: Children in Russia, S2
Biography: Dr. Edson is a former President of the Florida Conference of
Historians.
John Farris, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
E-mail: jfarris@gsu.edu
Panel: Odds and Ends, F4
Presentation Abstract: "The Debate About Minimum Wage Policy During the
Early Jimmy Carter Administration"
A work in progress based on materials found at the Carter Presidential Library
in Atlanta, this paper examines the policy and politics of the minimum wage
increase adopted during the first year of the Carter Presidency, with the
broader goal of understanding late twentieth century Federal labor policy. This
paper particularly highlights the role played by Labor Secretary F. Ray
Marshall, who shaped the policy. The administration’s minimum wage policy was
an essential component in shaping Carter’s general labor relations policy over
the next three years. This paper also provides insight into the strengthening
ties between the African American community and organized labor in the late
1970s, the alliance between the Carter administration and the Democratic Party,
and the nature of President Carter’s presidential leadership.
Biography: Mr. Farris is Ph.D. candidate and graduate teaching assistant
at Georgia State University. He is currently working on his dissertation,
"Automobile Industrial Policy in the Jimmy Carter Administration,
1979-1980."
Andrew Frank, California State University, Los Angeles
E-mail: AFrank@exchange.calstatela.edu
Panel: The Indian Wars, F2
Presentation Abstract: "Englishmen in Disguise: Southeastern Indians
and the Imposition of Racial Identities"
This essay explores the contest over identity in eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century
Florida. Creeks and Seminoles, who relied on matrilineal ties to determine
insiders from outsiders, routinely adopted and incorporated fugitive African
slaves, EuroAmerican colonists, and Native migrants into increasingly
multiracial, multicultural, and multilingual communities. At the same time,
participation in the deerskin trade infused their communities with actions and
material goods that resembled those of their EuroAmerican neighbors. In
essence, members of their communities began to look, act, and sound like
EuroAmericans. EuroAmericans, however, used racial, cultural, and linguistic
traits to define Native peoples. This resulted in some natives being treated as
"civilized whites" and others as "savage Indians." Florida’s
indigenous peoples rejected these divisions and struggled to define themselves
and protect their sovereignty.
Panel Discussant and Chair: Early American Collective Memory and
Identity (UG), S2
Biography: Andrew Kevin Frank received his Ph.D. from the University of
Florida in 1998. He has already presented numerous papers and has published
extensively on frontier, gender, identity, and racial questions. His
publications include The Birth of Black America: The Age of Discovery and the
Slave Trade, 1995, and (with Ellen Thru) Growing and Dividing, 2000, as well as
The Routledge Historical Atlas of the American South (1999). He now has a book
under contract: Creeks and Southerners: Biculturalism on the Early American
Frontier.
Lisa Tendrich Frank, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL
E-mail: lytfrank@yahoo.com / lfrank@unf.edu
Panel: The War Between the States, F1
Presentation Abstract: "The Gloomy Bitterness that Filled My Breast":
The Effects of Sherman's March on Confederate Soldiers"
In 1864 and 1865, General William Tecumseh Sherman marched 60,000 veteran
Union troops through Georgia and Carolinas. He and his superiors planned to
attack directly the Southern homefront, assuming that eliminating the material
and emotional support for the Southern war effort would effectively demonstrate
Northern power and end the American Civil War. Beyond its strategic utility,
this campaign directly attacked Southern domesticity and demonstrated that
Confederate soldiers had little control over the homefront. The failure of
Southern men to protect their wives, daughters, sisters, and mothers from a
military campaign demonstrated the powerlessness of Southern men and insulted
Southern masculinity and honor. Consequently, Sherman's March contributed to
the demoralization of Southern soldiers. They had failed to uphold one of the
major tenets of Southern honor-the protection of women.
Biography: Lisa Tendrich Frank received her Ph.D. from the University of
Florida in American History in 2001. Her dissertation was "To 'Cure Her of
Her Pride and Boasting': The Gendered Implications of Sherman's March."
She currently is a visiting assistant professor at the University of North
Florida. She has written a number of articles on women in the South during the
American Civil War. Dr. Frank has also won a significant number of grants,
awards, and fellowships including Bradford Dissertation Prize, St. George
Tucker Society (2002) and the Albert J. Beveridge Grant, American Historical
Association (1999-2000).
Erich
Freiberger, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, FL
E-mail: efreibe@ju.edu
Panel: Evaluating War: Morality, Economics, and Race, F4
Presentation Abstract: "The Origins of Just War Theory and its
Contemporary Relevance"
This paper traces the history of Just War Theory, from it origins in scattered
reflections on the topic in Ancient thought to the contemporary expression of
the concept in the Charter for the Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal and the
Charter for the United Nations. After indicating how Just War Theory rests on
Cicero's Stoic conception of Natural Law, which is subsequently elaborated by
Ambrose, Augustine, Aquinas, I turn to Grotius' more secular account of Just
War in On the Rights of War and Peace (1625), which was sufficiently flexible
that it permitted Just War theory to attain a broad international legitimacy in
the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. I then suggest what Just War theory has
to tell us about current events in Iraq.
Biography: Professor Erich Freiberger is an Associate Professor of
Philosophy at Jacksonville University.
His doctoral training at Boston College was in the history of modern and
contemporary continental philosophy.
His current research interest lies in two distinct but related areas:
the influence of Stoicism and Empiricism on early modern philosophy, and the
relation between philosophy and psychoanalytic theory.
Jonathan Friedman, West Chester University, West Chester, PA
E-mail: jfriedman@wcupa.edu
Panel: World War II and After, S3
Presentation Abstract: "The Sachsenhausen Trials: War Crimes Prosecution
in the Soviet Union and East and West Germany, 1945-1970"
Aided by the opening of archives in the former Soviet bloc, scholars have been
able to deepen their understanding of the immediate post-World War II era,
including the prosecution of Nazi war crimes. Using declassified trial
documents from Soviet and East and West German sources, this paper describes
the various trials held against officials of the Sachsenhausen concentration
camp. It offers insight into the complex union of law and politics by
evaluating the character and shape of war crimes prosecution in the Soviet
Union and East and West Germany from 1945 to the 1970s. While political context
and motivations were ever present, efforts at maintaining legal impartiality
were equally so—by all three parties: Russian, East German, and West
German—often defying political expectations. Soviet and East German officials
were guided more by international charters and precedents, while West Germans,
in their tribunals, employed indigenous criminal statutes on murder and
manslaughter dating back to the nineteenth century. At the same time, the
severity of the punishments did not fall into a fixed political pattern. The
sentences handed down by West German courts were comparatively lighter than
those imposed by the totalitarian systems of East Germany and the Soviet Union,
but not uniformly so. Conversely, verdicts from the latter nations were milder
than one might have expected.
Biography: Professor Friedman received his Ph.D. from the University of
Maryland in 1996. His dissertation was "Gentile-Jewish Relations from the
Perspective of the Jewish Communities In Frankfurt am Main, Giessen, and
Geisenheim, 1919-1945." He currently teaches at West Chester University
and has worked as a historian for several museums and exhibitions, including
the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, DC. In addition to a
number of articles, Professor Friedman has written two books, Speaking the
Unspeakable: Essays on Sexuality, Gender, and Holocaust Survivor Memory and The
Lion and the Star: Gentile-Jewish Relations in Three Hessian Communities,
1919-1945. He has co-edited a third, Gifts of the Exiles: Art and Artifacts of
German Émigré Thespians, Filmmakers, and Musicians.
John Garrigus, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, FL
E-mail: jgarrig@ju.edu
Panel: Revolution in the Western Hemisphere, F3
Presentation Abstract: "Brothers in Arms / Brothers in Ideology? The
Influence of American Revolutionary Veterans in the Haitian Revolution"
In 1779, over 500 free men of color from French Saint-Domingue [colonial Haiti]
served at the Battle of Savannah, in Georgia. It has long been an accepted fact
of Haitian historiography that some of the core leaders of Haiti's own
revolutionary struggle participated in this Caribbean expedition. Using French
military records and social history sources to reveal the attitudes and actions
of these free black and mulatto veterans once they returned home, this paper
evaluates the role of this little known campaign in creating an independent
Haiti.
Panel Chair and Discussant: Creating Modern Europe, S1
Biography:
Dick Gibson, Jacksonville University,
Jacksonville, FL
E-mail: dgibson@ju.edu
Panel: Innovative Teaching, F2
Presentation Abstract: “Quarterstaff,
Halfstaff, Fisticuffs, and Wrestling: the Medieval Yeoman’s Martial Arts”
Much has been written about the aristocratic uses of the sword, lance, and
horse in the Middle Ages and Renaissance, but almost no scholarly attention has
been focused on the martial arts of the lower classes. During the Renaissance,
as the knightly caste began to move into lighter-weight swords and near-modern
fencing techniques, the English yeoman was still sturdily defending himself
with the quarterstaff (or cudgel), the half-staff (the ancestor of the walking
stick) and with good old fisticuffs. This paper examines the development and
uses of these lower-class martial arts for the Medieval/Renaissance English
yeoman as reflected in the literature and manuals of the period, as well as
seen in the very few visual sources, such as the illuminations in Henry VII’s
prayer book, the Hours of Catherine of Cleves, and the nearly unique,
illustrated 15th-century manual of close-quarter combat by Hans
Talhoffer. The paper will feature all three participants and include a lively demonstration
of some of the combat forms.
Panel Chair and Discussant: Literary Heroines in History (UG), F1
Biography: Dr. Dick Gibson is the Medieval and Renaissance English
professor at Jacksonville University. He received the Ph.D. at the University
of North Carolina in 1972 and has been at JU for fifteen years. He has a
life-long interest in the very active performing arts and is the founder of the
JU Feast & Folly Players, a group dedicated to rescuing and performing
Medieval and Renaissance plays. He is
currently working on a book-length study of Elizabethan performance techniques
and another on the Medieval/Renaissance yeoman’s martial arts.
Kevin Goldberg, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
E-mail: kgoldberg1@student.gsu.edu
Panel: Reimagining Traditions: Cultivation of Early 20th Century
National Identities, F3
Presentation Abstract: "Constructing a Museum, a Memory, and a Nation:
The Role of Skansen in Creating a Historical National Narrative in
Sweden"
Ethnographer Arthur Hazelius founded Skansen, the world’s first open-air museum
in Stockholm, Sweden in 1891. His goal was to demonstrate how people in
different regions of Sweden traditionally lived and worked. Actual buildings
and artifacts were brought to Skansen from various Swedish districts to
re-create earlier periods. Situated on royal hunting grounds on the island of
Djurgården near the center of Sweden’s capital, the inhabitants of
industrializing Stockholm were able to see first-hand their supposed
genealogical past, subsequently creating historical memories of den gamla
folkkulturen (the old folk culture). In turn, the various regionalized
cultures and histories that had traditionally constituted memory in Sweden were
transformed into a cohesive national narrative that told the singular history
of the Swedish people. It was no longer relevant that the rural inhabitants of
the southern region of Skåne had customarily despised the Stockholm elite and
that they had been loyal to Danish royalty. Nor did it now matter that the
noble class of Stockholm viewed the mass peasantry as backward and burdensome
to the nation’s growth. This paper explores the role of Skansen, via the new
middle class, in fashioning a unified national narrative among Swedes.
Biography: A graduate student at Georgia State University, Mr. Golberg
is a graduate research assistant. He is interested in Modern and Early Modern
European History as well as Cultural and Urban History.
Dennis Hart, Kent State University, Kent, OH
E-mail: Dhart@kent.edu
Panel: East Asia: Korea and the Philippines, F2
Presentation Abstract: "Birth of Two Nations: Rival Representations of
the March First Movement in North and South Korean History Textbooks."
This work is a comparative study of how the governments of North and South
Korea teach a national memory through history curricula. Specifically this
paper analyzes how each regime has constructed for its people a narrative on
the birth of their nation by teaching a specific and distinctive reading of the
March First Movement, which took place in 1919 while Korea was a single nation
under Japanese colonial control. Both the Northern and Southern states have
promoted differing interpretations of the past by prominently telling a
national history that flows from and confirms the ideology of the respective
state. For the south, this paper looks at the history book Kuksa [National
History] published in 1990. For the North, it analyzes Chosôn ryôksa, [Korean
History], which was used from 1984 through 1990.
Biography: Dr. Hart is an Associate Professor of Political Science at
Kent State University and Co-coordinator of the Asian Studies Minor. He
received his Ph.D. from the University of Washington in 1991. He has published
one book, From Tradition to Consumption: Construction of a Materialist Culture
in South Korea (Seoul, Sommerset, NJ: Jimoondang Publishing Company, 2001) and
has another under contract, Construction of Culture and Identity Among Middle
Class Housewives in Korea. (In Korean) (Seoul: Hakjisa Press). He has also
published several translations and many articles including several on
pedagogical issues. Dr. Hart regularly presents papers at national and
international conferences.
Sam Hart, United States Ambassador, ret., Jacksonville, FL
E-mail: sfh@attbi.com
Panel: Hot Spots in 2002 and 2003, F3
Presentation Abstract: "US
Strategy For Dealing With Hot Spots: Different Blows For Different Joes"
Biography: Sam Hart received an M.A. in international relations from the
Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy and another M.A. in economics from
Vanderbilt University. After military service as a U.S. army captain, Mr. Hart
entered the Department of State as a foreign service officer in 1958. Over the
next 27 years, he held a variety of political and economic analysis assignments
in Washington and overseas. Foreign postings included Uruguay, Indonesia,
Malaysia, Costa Rica, Chile, Israel, and Ecuador, where he was U.S. ambassador
from 1982-85. In Washington, he was in charge of U.S. relations with Venezuela,
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia from 1980-82. Since retiring from the
State Department, he has been active as a consultant and lecturer on foreign
policy issues in the public and private sectors. Mr. Hart is the former
president of Jacksonville's World Affairs Council and has done much to
revitalize that group.
James V. Holton, Warner Southern College, Lake Wales, FL
E-mail: holtonj@warner.edu
Panel: The Second Reconstruction: Desegregation and Civil Rights in Florida,
S2
Presentation Abstract: "The Best Education Provided’: A History of
School Integration in Polk County, Florida, 1963-1994"
Forty-eight years after Brown v. Board of Education, the topic of school
integration remains contentious, its historiography still evolving. Analyses of
the Brown decision are plentiful, but detailed local studies of integration’s
evolution are less common. Many Florida counties are no longer under court-ordered
integration, but they still feel its effects. This paper sheds light on how
integration has and continues to play out in Florida by looking at the history
of court-ordered school integration in Polk County. A 1963 law suit in Tampa’s
federal district court brought about desegregation and integration in Polk
County. The judge’s decision, however, had to be implemented by local
players—whites and blacks, parents, educators, and politicians amid great
social turmoil. All of these groups reacted to the decision and to each other
according to their particular historical experiences and perceptions. By
examining newspaper coverage, official school board records, court documents,
and extensive oral histories, this paper integrates social history, local politics,
and civil rights issues.
Panel Chair and Discussant: The Politics, Economics, and Culture of Race in
the Second Half of the Twentieth Century (UG), S3
Biography: Dr. Holton, an assistant professor of History at Warner Southern
College, received his Ph.D. from The George Washington University, Washington,
DC, in January 2002. His dissertation was, "‘The Best Education Provided’:
A Social History of School Integration in Polk County, Florida,
1963-1994." Active in journalism, Dr. Holton currently edits the Polk
Country Historical Quarterly with over 1,100 subscribers.
Kenneth D. Hoover, Jacksonville University
E-mail: khoover@ju.edu
Panel Discussant: Florida and Environmental History, F4
Biography: Dr. Ken Hoover received his Ph.D. from New Mexico State
University and is a Professor of Biology and a Professional Ecologist. He has
worked on major ecological issues throughout the United States for the United
States Government and currently serves on the boards of environmental
organizations and on advisory committees, especially to the Governor of
Florida. He teaches Ecology, Human Ecology and Vertebrate Biology at
Jacksonville University.
Michael Hoover, Seminole Community College, Sanford, FL
E-mail: hooverm@scc-fl.edu
Panel: Politics in Florida and Elsewhere, S1
Presentation Abstract: "Turn Your Radio On: Brailey Odham’s 1952
"Talkathon" Campaign for Florida Governor"
In 1952, long before candidates for political office began appearing on
talk shows, long before they promulgated electronic "town hall"
meetings--live-broadcast infomercials--progressive-populist Brailey Odham ran
for governor of Florida by sitting in front of a radio microphone for extended
periods of time and fielding questions from the public. Odham’s
"talkathons" foreshadowed a future in which street-corner campaigning
would be a relic of the past. They were a unique combination of participatory
democracy, mass psychology, direct marketing, and electronic media that had not
been done before and have not been done very often since. Part hook, Odham’s
"stunt" had serious political potential that remains, by and large,
untapped. He generated interest in the electoral process by speaking as well as
listening to common folks, leading many to become involved in some way for the
first time.
Biography: Michael Hoover received his Ph.D. in Political Science from
the Union Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio. His writing has appeared in, among other
publications, the Journal of Third World Studies, New Political Science,
Popular Music and Society, Nature, Society and Thought, and Asian Cinema. He is
co-author of City on Fire: Hong Kong Cinema.
Noel Jacoby, Lake City Community College, Lake City, FL
E-mail: jacobyn@lakecitycc.edu
Panel Chair and Discussant: Odds and Ends, F4
Biography:
Rebecca Johnson, Valencia Community College, Orlando, FL
E-mail: rjohnson61@valenciacc.edu
Panel: Florida and Environmental History, F4
Presentation Abstract: "One Woman, One Book: How Marjory Stoneman
Douglas Changed the Ecological History of Florida"
In 1947, on a writer's whim and an editor's decision, the Everglades were transformed
into a River of Grass for Rinehart and Company's Rivers of America series. With
this book, Marjory Stoneman Douglas changed everyone’s knowledge of Florida's
swampland, educated the world to what the Everglades meant, and founded a
national park to ensure their protection. An environmentalist before the word
was coined, Ms. Douglas understood that a river is a stream of history as well
as water; and with the strokes of her pen, she could protect this wetland from
the developers she had been fighting since her move to Florida in 1915. At the
age of 107, when the Everglades National Park celebrated its 50th birthday and
the 50th anniversary edition of her book was published, Ms. Douglas was still
fighting to save the Everglades from the explosive population growth in South
Florida. Because her own history is inextricably linked to her river, this
paper will be presented as a first person, stream-of-consciousness narrative
because her voice is even more important to the next half-century in terms of safe-guarding
the Everglades.
Biography: Professor. Johnson's work has appeared in anthologies and
publications as diverse as Kalliope, Journal of Business Strategy and Healing
Resorts and Spas magazine. She recently earned an MFA in Writing and Literature
from Bennington College. At present, she is teaching Composition and Literature
at Valencia Community College in Orlando, Florida.
Brian Keaney,
Associate Editor, The Historian, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
E-mail: bkeaney@chuma1.cas.usf.edu
Panel: World War II and After
Presentation Abstract: “Hans Morgenthau: The Life of a Realist”
This paper argues that the realism of Hans Morgenthau was both evolving and
contingent. Suggesting that the evolution of realism in the post war period was
a function as much of the need for an intellectual underpinning of certain
political postures of the United States in international affairs, the thesis
outlines, through of one of the key figures of post-war realism, the use made
of realism by policy-making elites in furthering their programs. The paper
suggests that the realism attributed to Morgenthau is may be partly understood
as one individual’s response to the times in which he lived and attention is
paid to the intellectual development of Morgenthau himself. The argument is
further made that the evolution of realism into neo-realism is not as sure and
as direct as contemporary scholarship might suggest. The paper further suggests
that, through his actions and writings, Morgenthau was not as supportive of the
use made of his concepts and the policy implications drawn from his scholarship
as has previously been believed. Recognizing that the richness of the though of
Morgenthau is as much to be found in his other writings apart from Politics
among Nations this thesis pays attention to these works and asserts that
Morgenthau developed his concept of realism in directions heretofore
unconsidered by scholars.
Panel Chair and Discussant: Public Spaces, S2
Biography:
Gregg Lightfoot, History Department of Palmer Trinity School, Miami, FL
E-mail: gregg@cofs.net
Panel: Politics in Florida and Elsewhere, S1
Presentation Abstract: "The People vs. The Railroad--Civil Disobedience
and Waterfront Rights in Early Miami"
The final vote of incorporation had barely been cast went public/private
interests came to a blow in the new city of Miami. Judge George Ambrose Worley
spearheaded an effort beginning in 1901 to ‘open’ Miami's waterfront. The dispute
between Worley (and other small business owners) and the Florida East Coast
Railroad centered on a portion of land originally designated a ‘park’ on the
1896 land survey of Miami (commissioned by Julia Tuttle and William and Mary
Brickell). The Railroad fenced the land off after being frustrated by the
movement of merchandise into the city by ship not rail. The fence prevented
goods destined for Worley’s store from being unloaded from ships as well as
access by the public to the downtown waterfront. The Railroad claimed the land
theirs based on other land claims they held downtown. Worley, referring to the
original designation, claimed the land was open to the public for whatever use
it saw fit. The debate would eventually include the FEC, Worley, the city of
Miami, the Miami Herald, and the Florida Supreme Court. At its heart, this
debate centered on the original designation of the waterfront area on a map.
However, the implications ran far deeper: "who has a right to the
waterfront?" An examination of the actions of all groups involved (using
newspaper articles, court documents and personal recollections) produces
different answers to that question and different concepts of public access that
built the foundation of waterfront land usage in early Miami
Biography: Gregg Lightfoot currently teaches in the History Department
of Palmer Trinity School in Miami, Florida. He received his BA in American
History and Secondary Education with a minor in English from the University of
Miami in 1995. He completed work on his MA in May 2002 with an emphasis on
Antebellum Race and Ethnicity. His current research focuses on poor whites in
the antebellum South and their interaction with both planters and slaves as
well as the development of an article for journal publication tentatively
entitled Only Once: The Stono Rebellion and the Overthrow of American Slavery.
Mr. Lightfoot is a past President of the University of Miami chapter of Phi
Alpha Theta.
Fred McCaleb, Kennesaw
State University, Kennesaw, GA
E-mail: fmccaleb@Kennesaw.edu
Panel: Innovative Teaching, F2
Presentation Abstract: "Building Biltmore"
This paper touches on the period in French history when the nobility and the
monarchy were building chateaus in the Loire Valley and compares that period
with the Gilded Age in America History. How were these homes financed? For whom
were they built? How was the architect Hunt who built Biltmore influenced and
trained? How does Biltmore more reflect the late 18th-century English
notion of Romanticism and later the teachings of American Andrew Jackson
Downing in its landscaping and conservation of land than some of Hunt's other
structures that he built for other Vanderbilts in New York City and in Newport
Rhode Island. Architecture is Art. Art is influenced by all kinds of social,
economic, philosophical and political movements. This paper describes the
attempt to bring in architecture into high school and college history classes.
Biography: Dr. McCaleb received his Ph.D. in Education (concentrating in
History and Political Science) in 1994 from Mississippi State University. He
taught for 25 years in Mississippi’s public schools of Mississippi. He has been at Kennesaw State University for
four years teaching American History, American Architectural History, and
Methods of Teaching Social Studies.
Steven D. MacIsaac, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, FL
E-mail: smacisa@ju.edu
Panel: East Asia: Korea and the Philippines, F2
Presentation Abstract: "Three Strikes You're Out: American Imperialism,
Philippine Nationalism and the Huk Rebellion, 1948"
During the summer of 1948, the Philippine government entered negotiations with
the World Bank for a loan for a hydroelectric power plant and with the U.S.
government for military assistance. At the same time the Philippine government
sought to negotiate a peaceful settlement to the Huk Rebellion in Central
Luzon. A cease-fire was declared and amnesty was offered to all Huk leaders.
Correspondence between President Quirino and the delegation sent to the World
Bank, and between Quirino and those negotiating with the U.S., indicate the
cease-fire and amnesty concerned American leaders and put both sets of
negotiations in jeopardy. The correspondence makes clear that success at the
negotiating table required the Philippine government to abandon the cease-fire,
revoke the amnesty and take up the fight with the Huks once again. It did this
in September 1948.
Panel Discussant: Imperialism in Africa, F1
Biography: Dr. MacIsaac received his Ph.D. from the University of
Washington. He specializes in East and Southeast Asian politics and
international political economy. He has written extensively on the Philippines
and has worked with the Ford Foundation in Vietnam. He has taught at the
University of California, Irvine, Whittier College and the Institute of
International Relations in Ha Noi. He is currently an Assistant Professor of
Political Science at Jacksonville University.
Jack McTague, St. Leo University, St. Leo, FL
E-mail: jack.mctague@saintleo.edu
Panel: Hot Spots in 2002 and 2003, S3
Presentation Abstract: "Kashmir and Palestine: Comparative Crises"
The crises in Kashmir and Palestine have numerous similarities. Both have their
origins in the decolonization of the British Empire in the late 1940s, which
resulted in withdrawal from both the Middle East and South Asia. In both cases,
the British attempted to solve ethnic/religious problems via partition. But these
partitions had the opposite effect and further enflamed the hatreds that had
existed. In each case, there is a Muslim entity (Pakistan and Palestine) pitted
against a non-Muslim one (India and Israel). These crises have continued for
over half a century, sometimes simmering on low heat, and other times boiling
over. Since the turn of the millennium, both have exploded, and the events of
9/11 have caused both to be embroiled in the worldwide terrorist war. This
paper will examine all these issues in some detail.
Panel Chair and Discussant: Cuba and the USA, 1898 and 1959, S1
Biography: Dr. Jack McTague is Professor of History at Saint Leo
University, Saint Leo, FL. He received his Ph.D. from SUNY at Buffalo in 1974.
He has published British Policy in Palestine 1917-1922 and a number of articles
in the Journal of Palestine Studies and the Proceedings of the
Florida Conference of Historians. Recently he has had book reviews
published in the Middle East Journal, Journal of Palestine Studies,
and Peace and Change.
Sean McMahon, Lake City Community College, Lake
City, FL
E-mail: mcmahons@lakecitycc.edu
Panel Chair and Discussant: The Indian Wars, F2
Biography: An Atlanta native, Dr. McMahon has taught at Lake City Community
College since fall 2000. He is the author of Social Control and Public
Intellect:: The Legacy of Edward A. Ross and he has been published in the Journal
of American History, The Florida Historical Quarterly, and The
American Sociologist.
Gordon K. Mantler, Duke University, Durham, NC
E-mail: gomantler@yahoo.com
Panel: The Second Reconstruction: Desegregation and Civil Rights in Florida,
S2
Presentation Abstract: "‘I’m Against the Way It Is Being Done’: School
Desegregation and Civility in Pinellas Country, Florida"
Most historical scholarship on race and education since the U.S. Supreme
Court’s 1954 ruling in Brown v. Board of Education focuses on the struggle to
achieve desegregated schools in the South. In Florida, where scholarship on the
black freedom movement is particularly thin, school desegregation’s social
impact on the black community has received little attention. Pinellas County,
noted for its tourism-based economy and large contingent of Northern
transplants in St. Petersburg and Clearwater, provides an interesting case
study in which to correct the oversight. Similar to other
"progressive" parts of the South, Pinellas avoided the worst white
supremacist rhetoric in responding to Brown. Instead, white elites employed
civility to maintain the status quo while appearing open-minded. Civility
disarmed and frustrated African-Americans and their white allies in their quest
to achieve genuine integration. By 1971, blacks had learned school
desegregation brought more than better equipment and integrated classrooms. It
also meant black school closures, an unequal busing burden, disproportionate
disciplining of blacks, and the demotion and displacement of black educators.
The final desegregation order set strict standards for the Pinellas school
board to follow. But it measured successful desegregation through complex
racial ratios, ignoring the social and political impact it had on the
communities and children where the black schools once thrived. Pinellas County
eventually desegregated the schools to the letter of the law. Tragically, it
left the law’s spirit behind.
Biography: Gordon Mantler recently moved to Durham, North Carolina, to
pursue a doctorate in History at Duke University. From 1997 until June of 2002,
he worked in St. Petersburg as a copy editor for the St. Petersburg Times. In
that time, he also received his M.A. in History from University of South
Florida. His paper is based on his thesis at USF.
Bill Marina, Florida Atlantic University
E-mail: marina@fau.edu / wmarina@directvinternet.com
WWW: http://www.wmarina.com/
Panel: Florida and the Cold War, F3
Presentation Abstract: "Congressman Dante Fascell and the Cold
War"
During his almost forty years in Congress from 1954 to 1992, Representative
Dante Fascell of Florida was deeply involved in numerous aspects of the Cold
War. One was the development of “public
diplomacy.” This paper explores his
growth of this concept and compares it with what is now occurring during the
administration of President George W. Bush.
Biography: Professor Marina has written extensively on the history of
Florida.
Joseph L Meeler, Georgia State University, Atlanta GA
E-mail: jmeeler@smyrnacable.net
Panel: The Indian Wars, F2
Presentation Abstract: "Andrew Jackson and American Military Operations
in the Mississippi"
The March 27, 1814 Battle of Horseshoe Bend, in what is today the state of
Alabama, decisively broke the military power of the Creek Nation’s hostile
faction. A major victory in the War of 1812, this battle secured the Gulf
Borderland of the United States and brought Andrew Jackson fame and
advancement. Almost overnight he became a national hero. Andrew Jackson had
been a generally unexceptional Tennessee lawyer, militia officer, and former
U.S. senator until he gained national renown as a military leader during the
War of 1812. In his initial battles against the "Red Stick" Creeks,
Jackson demonstrated a mastery of military tactics and leadership that
impressed officials in Washington, leading to his prompt appointment as a
brevet major general in the United States Army. This paper examines this
initial military campaign, a series of battles that profoundly bolstered
Jackson’s national stature and led to his eventual assumption of the office of
President of the United States.
Biography: Joseph L. Meeler is a doctoral candidate and Graduate
Teaching Assistant at Georgia State University in Atlanta, Georgia. He holds a
master’s degrees in History from the State University of West Georgia and
Education from Georgia State University. A former business owner and retired
Lieutenant Colonel in the United States Army Reserve, he specializes in
American military history. His master’s thesis, "The 332nd Infantry
Regiment on the Italian Front, 1918: A Study of the U.S. Army’s Limited Participation
in Italy’s War," won West Georgia’s award for outstanding research in
1999.
Brian Miller, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
E-mail: brianmiller@gsu.edu
Panel: Reimagining Traditions: Cultivation of Early 20th Century
National Identities, F3
Presentation Abstract: "Reinventing a National Heritage: Remembering World
War I in Rural Georgia—A Case Study of Morgan County"
Mrs. Leonard D. Wallace, regent of the Henry Walton Chapter of the
Daughters of the American Revolution, in her May 4, 1930 speech presenting the
"Spirit of the American Doughboy" statue to Morgan County Georgia,
stated that, "we are gathered here today to unite the spirit of 1776 and
the spirit of 1917." Participation in the First World War enabled rural
Georgians to truly feel as if they were again part of the Union. While this may
also be true with the Spanish-American War, it is interesting to note, as Mrs.
Wallace did, the suggested (and imagined) straight and uninterrupted line from
the American Revolution to the commemoration ceremony on the steps of the
Morgan County courthouse in May of 1930. This paper explores acts of memory
creation through the construction and use of unifying symbols, which created a
memory that allowed rural Georgians to once again view themselves as Americans.
Biography: Mr. Miller is an M.A. student at Georgia State University. He
is interested in Modern European, Modern German and Cultural History. He
currently is working on two essays submitted for inclusion in a forthcoming
book on the history of Morgan County, Georgia: "The Memory of the March to
the Sea in Morgan County" and "WWI in Morgan County: Exploring the
Creation of Memory."
David Mock,
Tallahassee Community College, Tallahassee, FL
E-mail: mockd@tcc.cc.fl.us
Panel: Creating Modern Europe, S1
Presentation Abstract: "The Sixteenth Century Debate about Resistance to
Political Authority and the Issue of Female Regiment"
Presentation Abstract: Can the people kill their king? Must the people obey
a tyrant? These and other questions concerning political obedience arose during
the Protestant Reformation. This paper
will examine the issue of male and female regiment in light of the theological
changes of the sixteenth century.
Panel Discussant: Germany and Austria in
the First Half of the Twentieth Century, F4
Biography: David B. Mock earned his doctorate in British history from
Florida State University in 1983. He currently teaches history and complexity
theory at Tallahassee Community College.
He has also taught at Edison Community College, Florida State and the
University of South Florida. His most
recent book is Legacy of the West. He
is currently investigating the applicability of complexity theory to history
and the social sciences. He has served as President of the Florida Conference
of Historians and is the organization’s permanent secretary.
Robert M. Oxley, Embry-Riddle University, Daytona Beach, FL
E-mail: oxleyr@erau.edu
Panel: The War Between the States, F1
Presentation Abstract: "The Affair at the Passes: An Early Fiasco for
the Union Navy Blockaders in the Gulf of Mexico"
This paper focuses upon an early naval engagement (October 12, 1861)
between Confederate naval forces and United States Navy blockaders. Known as
"the affair at the passes," this early encounter was a public
relations triumph for the South, as a small Confederate force routed a larger
Union blockading fleet at the mouth of the Mississippi. In the chaos, the
captain of the USS Vincennes actually ordered his crew to abandon ship under
fire. The Southern press reported gleefully on the Union disarray, and the
captains of two Union ships were relieved of their commands. The author of this
paper has in his possession an unpublished, handwritten account of the fiasco
at the Head of the Passes of the Mississippi River, kept by sail maker Nicholas
Lynch aboard the USS Vincennes. Lynch reveals some facts that appear nowhere
else in the literature about this battle. Research was performed for this paper
in the Manuscript Reading Room of the Library of Congress and in the National
Archives.
Biography: Professor Robert Oxley received his Ph.D. from the University
of Wisconsin-Madison. At Embry-Riddle University, he has developed and taught
courses in Irish literature, ancient to medieval humanities, technology and
civilization, technology and literature, the history of science, and ethics. He
has translated a book, Inequality and Social Mobility in Brazil, by Jose Pastore,
and has won three National Endowment for the Humanities grants. His latest
publication is "The Civil War Gulf Blockade: An Unpublished Journal of a
U.S. Navy Warrant Officer Aboard the U.S.S. Vincennes, 1861-1864," in the
International Journal of Naval History (April, 2002).
Joseph F. Patrouch, Director of Graduate Studies, Florida
International University, Miami, FL
E-mail: patrouch@fiu.edu
Panel: Creating Modern Europe, S1
Presentation Abstract: "Pearls in a Portrait: Francois Clouet’s 1571
Depiction of the Archduchess Elizabeth of Habsburg"
The present paper will center about a discussion of the portrait of
Elizabeth of Habsburg (1554-1592) painted by the French court painter Francois
Clouet around 1571. The painting, which depicts Elizabeth as Queen of France,
reveals a dress and jewelry, which almost overwhelm the teenage queen. The use
of pearls in the painting will serve as a jumping-off point for a discussion of
the impact of the Americas, and particularly the Caribbean pearl beds, on the
(western) European economy of power. The impact of the massive influx of pearls
on the elites’ representational economy will be touched upon. The inroads of
French merchants in the Caribbean, and French attempts to establish a foothold
in Florida, will also be mentioned. Finally, a brief discussion of attitudes
toward the sea as reflected in the period’s fascination with pearls and
seashells will lead to a reevaluation of the portrait as a period piece, one
representing France’s momentary leap into the sea under Admiral Coligny, and
one which perhaps served as a model for another Elizabeth, the Queen of
England, as she took her country into the Atlantic world in the following
decades.
Biography: Professor Patrouch received his Ph.D. from the University of
California, Berkeley in 1991. He has published widely in German and English on
the Habsburg Dynasty and the Holy Roman Empire in the early modern period,
including a monograph, Negotiated Settlement: The Counter-Reformation in Upper
Austria Under the Habsburgs. Dr. Patrouch was a Fulbright Student at the
Johannes Kepler University in Linz, Austria as well as a Fulbright Scholar
associated with the Institute for Early Modern Research in Vienna. He is
currently the President of the South Florida Chapter of the Fulbright
Association.
Joseph B. Perry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
E-mail: hisjpp@langate.gsu.edu
Home Page: http://www.gsu.edu/~wwwhis/Faculty/Perry/vita_perry.htm
Panel Chair and Discussant: Reimagining Traditions: Cultivation of Early 20th
Century National Identities, F3
Biography: An assistant professor of Modern European and German History, Professor
Perry has received of a number of grants and other awards and has written
"The Madonna of Stalingrad: Mastering the (Christmas) Past and West German
National Identity after World War II," in Radical History Review
and "Without National Socialism, No Christmas! The Nazification of a
German Holiday," in Ritual, Celebration, Festival. He is working on
a book manuscript, The Private Life of the Nation: Christmas and the
Invention of Modern Germany, which explores Christmas as a site of German
identity formation from the late nineteenth century to the Cold War.
Hugh Phillips, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY
E-mail: hugh.phillips@wku.edu
WWW: http://www.wku.edu/Dept/Academic/AHSS/History/phillips.htm
Panel: Children in Russia, S2
Presentation Abstract: "Homeless Children in Southern Russia in
the 1920s"
Almost all foreign visitors to Soviet Russia in the 1920s commented on the huge
number of homeless children (besprizornye) wandering the streets of Moscow and
Leningrad where they survived through begging, petty theft, and prostitution.
Owing in part to its relatively mild climate the southern city of Rostov on
Don, attracted thousands of homeless children and soon its population of waifs
ballooned out of control. The Communist government found the problem
exceedingly embarrassing yet proved unable to solve it. Indeed, only Moscow had
more homeless children than did Rostov. Based on my archival research in
Rostov, Moscow, and Washington D.C., this paper addresses the following
questions: How did the Rostov authorities treat these thousands of homeless
children? Why did government's efforts fail? What was the role of the central government
in dealing with the problem in Rostov?
Panel Chair and Discussant: Hot Spots in 2002 and 2003, S3
Biography: Professor Phillips scholarly interests are the Russian
revolution and the civil war, 1917-1921; Soviet foreign policy, 1917-1945;
contemporary Russian politics and international diplomacy, 1815-1945. His major
publications include Between the Revolution and the West: A Political
Biography of Maxim M. Litvinov and articles in The Soviet and
Post-Soviet Review, Slavic Review, Diplomatic History, Problems
of Communism, Revolutionary Russia, and the Encyclopedia of U. S.
Foreign Relations. He has publications in the Occasional Papers series of
the Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studies, an article on U.S.-Soviet
relations, 1917-1946 and a "mini-monograph" on the Russian
presidential election of 1996. His research has been supported by the
International Research and Exchanges Board, the Kennan Institute for Advanced
Russian Studies, and the American Council of Teachers of Russian.
Steve Piscitelli, Florida Community College of Jacksonville,
Jacksonville, FL
E-mail: spiscite@fccj.org
Panel Chair: America and the Cold War, F4
Biography: Mr. Piscitelli is a professor of history and education at Florida
Community College at Jacksonville.
Besides his teaching duties, he served for three years as the Chair of
the FCCJ's Center for the Advancement of Teaching and Learning. He is the author of three books, the most
recent on pedagogy and study skills. He
has also authored a number of magazine articles ranging on topics from pop
culture to local history.
David Proctor, North Florida Community College, Madison, FL
E-mail: ProctorD@nfcc.edu
Panel Discussant: Germany, Soviet Russia, and World War II, S3
Biography: Dr. Proctor is a History Instructor and Department Chair for
History and Social Science at North Florida Community College. He earned his
Bachelors, Masters, and Ph.D., all in History, from Florida State University.
He is a native of Tallahassee and has taught as an adjunct instructor for
Tallahassee Community College and Florida State University. He is a former
President of the Florida Conference of Historians.
Theo
Prousis, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL
E-mail: tprousis@unf.edu
Panel Discussant: Children in Russia, S2
Biography: Dr. Prousis is Professor of History at the University of
North Florida. He has published books and articles on Imperial Russia's
contacts and connections with Eastern Orthodox communities in the Ottoman
Empire and the Balkans. His current
research deals with trade, pilgrimage, and related aspects of Russia's
involvement in the Eastern Question.
Richard M. Reid, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
E-mail: rreid@uoguelph.ca
Panel: Evaluating War: Morality, Economics, and Race, F4
Presentation Abstract: "Perceptions of Performance Assessing Combat
Effectiveness in the Civil War"
This paper looks at the experience of one black regiment, 35th United States
Colored Troops, at the Battle of Olustee, a minor battle in a theatre of
secondary importance. It tries to analyze and explain the very different ways
in which the unit’s performance was later depicted in official reports, private
letters, newspapers, and later regimental histories. Most military historians
understand the difficulties in attempting to recreate and depict, on the basis
of scattered and often conflicting records, the actual course and complexity of
a battle in a fashion that begins to approximate what the soldiers actually
faced. A similar problem exists in attempting to understand the roles played
and the contributions made by a single unit in battle. Assessing the performance
of one unit can be especially complicated when the contemporary accounts are
colored by factors such as regional and racial prejudices or by the need to
find someone to blame in the aftermath of a defeat. The paper uses a case study
approach to illustrate some of the complexities involved. It attempts to assess
how some of the conflicting claims can be judged, and then goes on to present
other possible ways to measure combat effectiveness in Civil War battles.
Biography: Richard M. Reid is an associate professor at the University
of Guelph. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Toronto in 1976. He has
written a book, The Upper Ottawa Valley to 1855, and has contributed a chapter,
"U.S.C.T. Veterans in North Carolina," in Black Soldiers in Blue: African-American
Troops in the Civil War Era. Additionally, he has authored a number of articles
and presented numerous papers on varied topics, most importantly on the
American Civil War. He is currently researching North Carolina’s
African-American soldiers and their families during the Civil War and
Reconstruction.
Marco Rimanelli, St. Leo University, St. Leo, FL
E-mail: marco.rimanelli@saintleo.edu
Panel: Hot Spots in 2002, S3
Presentation Abstract: "Saddam's Totalitarian State: Iraq's Policies of
Domestic Repression & Impact of War"
As a totalitarian State, Iraq's policies of domestic repression blend the
experiences of Nazi Germany and Stalinist Russia. Saddam Hussein purposely has
modeled his style of rule and terror on Stalin and his use of systematic
elimination of real and potential political opponents. His apparatus of control
includes several secret and intelligence agencies actively spying on Iraqi
citizens and thought, the systematic use of torture for even minor offenses to
weed out potential traitors, systematic rape of female relatives of political
prisoners who resist interrogation, assassination squads abroad, division and
bribery of opponents, and extermination of Kurds and Shi'a opponents in vast
swaths of lands. His goal is always to survive in power and eliminate any
potential or imagined future threat, while turning defeats in foreign wars into
propaganda victories, which shift the burden of domestic deprivations to the
ploys of foreign enemies. Saddam only trusts his son Qusay who has inherited
control of the intelligence services and alone can guarantee that the family
retains full control of Iraq once Saddam dies.
Biography: Dr. Marco Rimanelli is Associate Professor in European
Affairs, U.S. Diplomacy & Military Strategy at Saint Leo University in
Tampa. He received his Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University-SAIS and worked as
Scholar-in-Residence at the State Department (War-Crimes Unit-Iraq) and
Intelligence Community (1999-2001), and State Department/Arms Control &
Disarmament Agency (1991-1992). He has published several books, including: Comparative
Democratization in Single-Party Dominant Countries and Italy between
Europe & the Mediterranean: Diplomacy & Naval Strategy from 1800s to NATO.
Daniel Robison, Troy State University (Florida and Western Region), Ft.
Walton Beach, FL
E-mail: drobison@tsufl.edu
Panel: Innovative Teaching
Presentation Abstract: "Apples and Oranges: On the Compatibility of
High School and College History Courses in a Team-Teaching Program"
Drs. Robison and Thomas Dunn will co-present a paper on a unique, dual
enrollment program in Okaloosa County, Ft. Walton Beach, Crestview. Four county
high schools wanted to give their Advanced Placement students an opportunity to
earn college credits while remaining on campus. Troy State University (Florida
and Western Region) brought in accredited personnel to work closely with the AP
teachers. Over 800 students have been enrolled each year, and twenty of them
have even earned their Associate of Arts degree. This presentation will cover
the integrated teaching methods utilized to accomplish this innovative program,
with an emphasis on the current status of high school history courses and their
compatibility with university-level courses.
Biography: Dr. Robison, who earned his Ph.D. in History from Auburn
University, has taught Advanced Placement American history in Troy State
University’s University School program and in the summer of 2002 was one of the
readers in San Antonio for the high school AP exams.
Steven Scheuler, Valdosta State University, Valdosta GA
E-mail: sascheul@valodsta.edu
Panel: Revolution in the Western Hemisphere, F3
Presentation Abstract: "The Search for Santucho's Grave: Argentina's
Dirty Warriors Reluctance to Provide Information on the Disappeared"
The fate of Argentina's disappeared is a painful part of the debate about
the dark crimes committed during the military regime's bloody rule in the
1970s, crimes that continue to haunt the nation. The Argentine military has
recognized no wrongdoing in their so-called anti-terrorist activities. The
extraordinary nature of guerrilla war demanded, the military said,
extraordinary measures. In September 1996, the daughter of Mario Roberto
Santucho, leader of a powerful Marxist urban guerrilla group in the 1970s,
initiated a writ of habeas data to find the remains of her father. The habeas
data law was first laid out in Argentina's 1994 constitutional reform. It
allows individuals to get information held on himself or herself or on
immediate relatives. Public court hearings dedicated to finding Santucho's
grave unleashed a backlash from the Argentine military. The 'dirty warriors' demonstrated
that they remained unrepentant, flatly refusing to cooperate despite a
comprehensive and legal investigation. An aroused military not only defended
its past actions but justified similar actions in the future.
Biography: Steven Scheuler is an Assistant Professor, Reference
Librarian, and Library Instruction facilitator at Valdosta State University's
Odum Library. He received a Masters of Library Science from Emporia State
University in 1998 and has worked in academic libraries since 1995. He received
his M.A. from the University of Nebraska in 1998. His Masters thesis focused on
the Argentine guerrillas and the ‘dirty war’ of the 1970s. He has published
several articles, entries in historical encyclopedias, and book reviews.
Robert L. Shearer, Florida Tech, Melbourne, FL
E-mail: rshearer1@cfl.rr.com
Panel: Creating Modern Europe, S1
Presentation Abstract: “Mathematics and the Mind of God: The New Cosmology of
the Seventeenth Century”
It is in the seventeenth century that mathematical thinking begins to overtake
the remnants of the medieval church. If "the mathematical" is defined
in such a way as to emphasize what is as self-certain as Descartes' "I
think, therefore I am," the appeal of a ground of truth that is not
scriptural, with its hint of mythological thinking, becomes widespread—so much
so that, though absolutely devout, a thinker like Spinoza could work out a
theological ethics based on the model of Euclidean geometry. That is, the
mathematical approach to science, overthrowing Aristotle's doctrines in
physics, which the Church had adopted through the interpretation of St. Thomas,
is least of all even an incipient atheism; rather, it is a way of knowing the
mind of God through the grand structures he supposedly used in creation.
Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo and Newton were religious men, and the effect of
their work—especially that of Newton—was to "stand the mind of God
open"; moreover, it was to be able to understand in the image of God's understanding,
a notion that was implicit in the optimism of the Enlightenment. This paper
explores how the new cosmology of the seventeenth century—sometimes referred to
as "the mechanical universe"—embodies this theological shift, and
elucidates its kinship with that other grand revisionist movement,
Protestantism. Another kinship, in embryonic form, between the seventeenth
century's new science and the postmodernism of the twentieth century, where all
formal systems fail, is briefly opened up.
Biography: Dr. Shearer holds a M.A. in music and a Ph.D. in philosophy
from Florida State University. For the last twenty-two years he has been with
the Humanities Department of Florida Tech in Melbourne, where he teaches
Renaissance and Modern Civilization, a survey of philosophy, a survey of
masterworks of music, and Logic. He has published articles on the advent of
artificial intelligence and on the value of studying the humanities for
engineering students. The present paper is taken from a chapter of a book in
progress with the working title From Theology to Technology.
Clarence Taylor, Florida International University, Miami, FL
E-mail: taylorc@fiu.edu
Panel: Second Reconstruction: Politics and Violence in South Carolina and
Florida, F2
Presentation Abstract: "Civil Rights Leadership Models: John Culmer and
Theodore Gibson"
The Reverends John Culmer and Theodore Gibson were the two most important
Miami civil rights leaders in the 20th Century. Culmer, the leading black voice
in Miami in the 1930s and 1940s adopted accommodation in a period where there
was little black social protest in the city. On the other hand, Gibson operated
during the height of the modern civil rights movement and therefore, took a
more militant approach. Despite their differences, both attempted to present a
black image that was in opposition to the racist images of blacks held by the
dominant society. This paper moves away from the conventional ways of examining
civil rights and turns to the issue of forging identities as a tool used by
civil rights activists.
Biography:
Jeannie M. Theriault,
Independent Scholar, Jacksonville, FL
E-mail: jmtheriau@aol.com
Panel: Public Spaces, S2
Presentation Abstract: “Père-Lachaise Cemetery: Monument and Memory”
The Père LaChaise cemetery, the largest park in Paris, was planned as a
peaceful public space for families to gather, picnic, visit loved ones, and
revisit the past. Its 100 acres is a resting place for ordinary citizens as
well significant figures including: Molière, Abélard and Héloïse, the
Rothschild family, Frédéric Chopin, Eugène Delacroix, Sarah Bernhardt, Oscar
Wilde, Théodore Géricault, Marcel Proust, Edith Piaf, Jim Morrison,
Apollinaire, Colette, Modigliani, and Balzac. The history of how and why this
monument of memorial experience came into being illustrates a radical shift in
the socio-historical view of death at the end of the Ancien Régime
in France. Until the Nineteenth century, the French buried their dead in sacred
ground: the poor and bourgeois were buried in churchyards, and the wealthy were
buried in churches and private chapels on family estates. With the inauguration
of the Père-Lachaise in 1804, the French began to bury their dead in the
non-sacred ground of municipal cemeteries. Examination of the cemetery’s
tombstones, sculptures, chapels, and personal monuments provide a more
personalized look at the way individuals wanted to memorialize themselves. The
bourgeoisie could now be buried alongside the aristocracy. Vanity, compounded
by the desire to be immortally remembered, spurred people to commission artists
to create competitive memorial works of art as eternal reminders of their
existence. In contrast, the Twenty-first century is marked by the growing
anonymity and the decline of the monument, as in the unmarked green field, the
Garden of Memory.
Biography: Jeannie Theriault has an M.A. in French literature from
Boston College. She has taught French at Tufts University, Brandeis University,
and the University of Puerto Rico in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico. While teaching at
Brandeis, she received a Louis, Frances, and Jeffrey Sachar Research Grant to
pursue her interest in the Père LaChaise Cemetery in Paris.
Eric Thomas, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, FL
E-mail: ethomas@ju.edu
Panel Discussant: Florida and the Cold War, F3
Biography: Eric Thomas, an Associate Professor and Chair of the Division of
Social Sciences at Jacksonville University, received his M.A. in U.S. History
from the University of Florida. He helped edited the initial volumes of the Selected
Annual Proceedings of the Florida Conference of Historians.
Jennifer Trost, St. Leo University, St. Leo, FL
E-mail: jennifer.trost@saintleo.edu
Panel Chair and Discussant: The Second Reconstruction: Desegregation and Civil
Rights in Florida, S2
Biography:
Ted J. Uldricks, University of North Carolina at Asheville, Asheville, NC
E-mail: uldricks@unca.edu
Keynote Address: "'Icebreaker'": Stalin, Hitler and the Origins of
War on the Eastern Front"
See http://users.ju.edu/jclarke/fchkeynote.htm
Biography: See http://users.ju.edu/jclarke/fchkeynote.htm
Hubert P. van Tuyll Augusta State University, Augusta, GA
E-mail: hvantuyl@aug.edu
Panel: Evaluating War: Morality, Economics, and Race, F4
Presentation Abstract: "What, If Anything, Can Economics Tell Us About
the Conduct of War? The Civil War and the Principle of Information"
(co-presented with Jurgen Brauer)
Economic thinking has been applied to many diverse fields, including general
history, but not to military history as a whole. Planning and prosecuting war
require making choices, and because the analysis of decision-making is the
provenance of economics, military history is amenable to economic analysis. We
hope to lay the foundation for a new method of analyzing military history in
which economic principles serve as guidelines. We have selected a number of
fundamental economic principles and have applied them to illustrative cases of
military history. In this paper we have chosen to examine one principle, that
of information. The principle explains the effects on markets when one party to
a transaction knows more than the other—a fairly common situation. Differential
information leads to exploitable advantages by one side in the exchange to
maintain a higher than competitive price. Deliberate attempts to mislead are
expected. Military establishments are geared to develop differential
information through secrecy, screening, reconnaissance, misleading, and
espionage. All armies do these things to some degree. To what extent can
military commanders’ decisions be explained by asymmetric information? This
paper will survey recent literature on the most prominent Civil War campaigns
to answer this question.
Biography: Professor van Tuyll teaches History at Augusta State
University. He holds a B.A. from the University of Montevallo, a J.D. from Duke
University, and a Ph.D. from Texas A&M University. He has published three
books: Feeding the Bear (1989), America’s Strategic Future (1998), and The
Netherlands and World War I (2001).
Daniel J. Walther, Wartburg College, Waverly, IA
E-mail: walther@wartburg.edu
Panel: Imperialism in Africa, F1
Presentation Abstract: "When Is a Man a Man?" Masculinity and German
Colonialism in Southwest Africa, 1894-1914"
Over the past decade, the literature on gender and colonialism has increased
substantially. Most analyses of gender, however, focus on women. Usually,
issues of manliness are taken for granted, because either the earlier works on
colonialism dealt with the deeds of men or the more recent studies have
examined the previously ignored role of women in the imperial endeavor. By
exploring issues of masculinity in the colonial context, we can gain important
insights not only into frontier society but also garner a better understanding
of European colonialism and nationalism. Because of its very nature, the
colonial setting provides numerous opportunities to explore individual and
national characteristics. From the European perspective, it was viewed as wild
and undeveloped land—a tabula rasa waiting for an European imprint. The
presence of a larger, indigenous population and the wide-open spaces, forced
these individuals to articulate their sense of self. They needed to justify why
they deserved to subjugate not only the land to their will, but also the
non-European inhabitants, and in the process they expressed their own notion of
identity. The goals, means, and rationales employed illustrated what it meant to
be a man in a European settler society and, with qualifications, in Europe.
This paper argues that in German Southwest Africa not only was a specific ideal
of German masculinity articulated, but also that the colonial situation
revealed the possibilities and limitations of this idealization. It does this
by exploring first what the ideal of German manliness was from the perspectives
of those who tried to live it and those who did not, and then how those who
desired to embody German masculinity ultimately could not because of the
exigencies of the colonial setting.
Biography: Professor Walther received his Ph.D. from the University of
Pennsylvania in 1996. His dissertation was "Creating Germans Abroad: the
Policies of Culture in Southwest Africa, 1894-1939." He has published
several articles and a monograph, Creating Germans Abroad: Cultural Policies
and Local Conditions in Namibia. Professor Walther is working on a second book,
tentatively entitled "German Settler Colonialism: A Study in German Nationalism
and Frontier Culture" Since 1996, he has taught at Wartburg College, where
he now an Associate Professor.
Nathaniel Weyl, independent author
E-mail:
Abstract: "A Former
Communist Reflects on His Involvement in the Cold War After Writing "Red
Star Over Cuba." (Paper to be read by Dr. John Childrey, Professor of
History at Florida Atlantic University)
Nathaniel Weyl joined the Communist Party in the early 1930s, breaking with it
in 1939. Perhaps the most well-known of
his fourteen books is Red Star Over Cuba, written in 1960 about the time
he moved to Florida. In this paper, he
discusses some of his subsequent activities regarding U.S. government and
anti-Castro Cuban efforts directed against Fidel Castro's regime as well as
other aspects of the Cold War.
Professor Marina has culled this paper from Weyl's larger manuscript,
and Professor Childrey has further edited it.
Biography: Mr. Weyl, at 92, is placing an extensive manuscript file in
the Hoover Institution covering his years as a Communist in the cell with Alger
Hiss, up to his years in Florida after writing Red Star Over Cuba in
1960.
Nick Wynne, Executive Director, Florida Historical Society
E-mail: wynne@flahistory.net
Panel Chair: Florida and the Cold War, F3
Biography: Dr. Wynne received his Ph.D. in History from the University
of Georgia in 1980. Since then, he has published numerous articles on Florida
History. Most recently, he co-authored Florida In The Civil War, which received
the 2002 Charlton Tebeau Best Book in Florida History Award. His other
book-length publications include Florida At War: A History of Florida in
World War II.
Louis Zelenka Jr.,
Jacksonville Public Library, Jacksonville, FL
E-mail: LZelenka@coj.net
Panel: Public Spaces, S2
Presentation Abstract: “An Historiographical Look at Bethel Cemetery, Columbia
Country, Florida, 1855-2003"
Bethel Cemetery is adjacent to Bethel United Methodist Church, which is one of
the few remaining Antebellum church buildings which have survived in rural
Florida. This paper will explore
information learned from reading grave markers about the lives of those buried
in the cemetery. The first decade after
this cemetery was established witnessed the death of a number of Confederate
soldiers who were buried here, and the tombstones reflect veterans of later
wars also. The rural post Civil War
poverty can be seen in the simple, often homemade markers. This paper will examine not only the written
data and symbolism to be seen on the tombstones, but also the social life of
those who rest here through research based on published sources and unpublished
oral history resources.
Biography: Mr. Zelenka,
Jr. is the Senior Librarian in the Genealogy Department of the Jacksonville
Public Library, Jacksonville, Florida.
He received a Masters of Library Science from Florida State University
in 1988. He has published several
articles relating to the Jacksonville Great Fire of 1901, as well as additional
articles about Jacksonville life in the early 20th century. He retired as a
Lieutenant Commander from the United States Coast Guard Reserve.
UNDERGRADUATE ABSTRACTS AND BIOGRAPHIES
Jake Blake, Stetson University, Deland, FL
E-mail: uberlover@yahoo.com
Faculty Advisor: Kimberely Reiter
The Second Reconstruction: Politics and Violence in South Carolina and
Florida, Island Ballroom A
Presentation Abstract: "The Integration of Stetson University: The
Development and Failure of Stetson's Public Sphere"
Integration at Stetson University in Florida occurred in three distinct phases.
The first, beginning in 1951, marked the development of dialogues about
segregation among the faculty and student body. While the most in the student
body rejected integration, the faculty consistently opposed segregation. In
1957, the second phase of Stetson’s integration began with the creation of the
Faculty Senate. For the first time, there was a public body of professors and
administrators playing a central role in shaping university policy. The
numerous crises and reforms in this second phase culminated in 1962 when the
first African Americans entered the university. The third period, 1962 through
1970, shows the evolution of the question of integration and the devolution of
Stetson’s public sphere. During this time, the university became complacent,
which bred growing resentment among Stetson’s African American students. The
frustration culminated in 1970, when black students at Stetson presented twelve
demands to President John E. Johns. These three periods illustrate, in
microcosm, the influence of the public sphere on social change the circulation
of ideas and institutional reform.
Biography: Mr. Blake is a senior history major at Stetson University and
also serve as the president of Phi Alpha Delta, the history honor society. Upon
graduation he will be commissioned as a second lieutenant in the United States
Army where he will begin training as a Military Intelligence Officer. He hopes
at some point to enter a Ph.D. program in Modern Western European history and
to teach at the university level.
Amy
Beth Carney, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, FL
E-mail: Andraya16@aol.com
Faculty Advisor: Janet Haavisto
Panel: Literary Heroines in History, F1
Presentation Abstract: "Without a Blemish: Helen of Troy"
Helen of Troy is one of the most recognizable names in literature and
mythology. Forever branded with epithet
"the face that launched a thousand ships," her renowned beauty has
eclipsed her individuality. As shown in
the works of Homer and other authors, her beauty has the power to influence the
actions of others. The continual
accentuation of Helen’s immortal looks has allowed readers, authors, and other
mythological characters to stereotype Helen as the universal symbol of
beauty. As a result, she routinely
suffers both blame and exoneration for the Trojan War, and she is thus
marginalized as an individual and forced into the role of scapegoat. As long as other treat her as an object of
beauty and not as a person, Helen cannot accept responsibility for the errors
in judgment for which she must be held accountable. Until a person can look past Helen’s physical appearance, examine
her decisions, and investigate the politics of power preventing her from
accepting responsibility, it remains difficult for Helen to escape the trap in
which her infamous beauty has placed her.
This paper will examine the impasse created by the politics of power and
Helen’s resultant loss of agency.
Biography: Amy Carney is a senior at Jacksonville University, majoring
in both History and English. She will graduate in May 2003 and hopes to begin
her graduate studies in modern European history next fall. She has already
presented at the Florida Conference of Historians in April 2002.
Allison Coble, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL
E-mail: AllyCoble@yahoo.com
Faculty Advisor: J. Michael Francis
Panel: Early American Collective Memory and Identity, S2
Presentation Abstract: "Spain’s Forgotten Role in the American
Revolution"
American perceptions of the Revolutionary War generally encompass a rebellious
new nation fighting against a ruling monarchy. America's collective memory tends
to forget the other European countries that participated in the war. Spain
particularly influenced the war's outcome. Spaniards, however maintained their
own purposes in fighting on behalf of the new nation. The conflict with Great
Britain provided them the opportunity to reclaim lands earlier lost to Britain,
while simultaneously pushing the British further away from the Spanish colonies
of Latin America and Louisiana. Although never officially allies of the United
States, Spaniards defeated the British in decisive battles in the Gulf of
Mexico and secured the Mississippi River as a means of transporting aid and
supplies to battles fought in the interior. Throughout the war, the Spanish
government contributed substantial aid and supplies to American soldiers and
civilians. In addition, the war strategy to divide the British military through
concurrent fighting in Europe and Central America drastically weakened British
forces in the North American colonies. The significant economic and military
assistance provided by the Spanish government greatly influenced the course of
the American Revolution.
Biography: Allison Coble is an undergraduate with a double major of
history and psychology at the University of North Florida. Upon receiving a
Bachelors of Arts, she will pursue a graduate degree in Latin American history.
Her research on Spain’s involvement in the American Revolution was funded by a
research grant from the Jacksonville chapter of the Order of Granaderos and
Damas de Galvez.
Amber Davis, St. Leo University, St. Leo, FL
E-mail:
Faculty Advisor: Jennifer Trost
Panel: The Politics, Economics, and Culture of Race in the Second Half of the
Twentieth Century, S3
Presentation Abstract: "African American Courtship in the 1950s"
Biography:
Anna Faulkner, Macon State College, Macon GA
E-mail: amf5827@aol.com
Faculty Advisor: Robert Burnham
Panel: The Politics, Economics, and Culture of Race in the Second Half of the
Twentieth Century, S3
Presentation Abstract: "Historic Preservation and the Politics of Race:
Restoring the Douglass Theater of Macon, Georgia, 1978-1996"
By the early 1920s, there were several movie theaters in Macon, Georgia; one of
them was the Douglass Theater, located in the heart of the downtown business
district. Built in 1921, the theater became an entertainment center of Macon’s
blacks during the age of Jim Crow. Despite its long-time popularity, in the
summer of 1973, the Douglass suffered declining revenues due to the forces of
suburbanization and desegregation, which had given blacks more entertainment
options. The theater and an adjacent hotel sat vacant for several year, and
then in 1978 the city of Macon purchased both with the intention of demolishing
them for redevelopment. This roused community activists who fought for twenty
years to raise the funds necessary to reopen the theater. They finally
succeeded, and in 1996 the Douglass reopened its doors to the community. This
paper discusses that twenty-year struggle, and concentrates on the politics of
race—particularly the issue of whether public or private money should be used
to restore historically black buildings.
Biography: Anna Faulkner is a sophomore at Macon State College pursuing
a Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing. She plans to serve as a medical
missionary in the United States and in other parts of the world.
James Green, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
E-mail: DeltaChi64@aol.com
Faculty Advisors: Henry Abramson and Marianne Sanua
Panel: War in the Twentieth
Century (UG), F3
Presentation Abstract: "NAZI Policy in the Third Reich,
1933-1941: Emigration First"
This paper shows that the policy of Nazi Germany toward Jews originally was
geared toward promoting emigration. The unwillingness of those nations
generally opposed to the Nazi policies to support this emigration policy helped
move Nazi policy toward that of mass murder. With documents such as the
Madagascar Plan that suggested moving all the Jews to the island of Madagascar,
as well as the documents from the Reich Air Ministry and those from the
Ministry for Emigration, it is clear that the policy of Nazi Germany was to
have the Jews emigrate away from the Third Reich. Only when this idea of
emigration failed, and more Jews came under Nazi rule, did they look for
different options.
Biography: James Greene is undergraduate student at Florida Atlantic
University majoring in Holocaust and Judaic Studies. Upon receiving his degree
this spring, he plans to attend Hebrew Union College and peruse a career as a
Rabbi. His major research emphasis is in the area of Holocaust and Jewish
medieval history. During the Winter Semester of 2002, James studied at the
Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rothberg International School and has recently
returned from spending an additional four weeks in Israel as part of the
Hasbara Fellowship for Israeli Activism.
Kristi Hall, Macon State College, Macon, GA
E-mail: cailloch@yahoo.com
Faculty Advisor: Robert Burnham
Panel: Early American Collective Memory and Identity, S2
Presentation Abstract: "The American Mind in the Early 19th Century"
By researching The Port Folio, a monthly literary magazine published in the
early years of the United States, this paper attempts to draw a profile of
American intellectual culture between 1816 and 1820. The articles include
military chronicles, histories, and biographies of famous people such as Mrs.
James Madison. Articles include religious discussions, humor, editorials, and a
broad range of poetry. These articles present early 19th century Americans as
utilitarian, and patriotic. The writers of The Port Folio were self-consciously
creating a new culture, with influences from England and the rest of Europe,
but in many ways also independent of it. At times they seemed proud of their
logical, straightforward approach to leaning, to the point where they would
mock the more artistic works of the Old World. Yet, in other articles, they
tried to emulated current and past European works, and pined for the European
levels of sophistication.
Biography:
Colleen R. Harris, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, FL
E-mail: cr_cah2@yahoo.com
Faculty Advisor: Jay Clarke
Panel: War in the Twentieth Century
(UG), F3
Presentation Abstract: "1918: The United States and the Collapse of the
Austro-Hungarian Empire"
In the autumn of 1918, the 640-year-old Habsburg Empire of
Austria-Hungary collapsed. Along with other issues such as the conflicts among
the Empire’s varied ethnicities, the trauma of World War I played a crucial
role in killing imperial rule and the Empire’s subsequent crumbling into
various successor states. Although Austria-Hungary had played a central role
leading to the war, during the war the Empire had diligently searched for
peace. It had directed the bulk of these peace overtures at the United States.
Early on, President Wilson claimed that the United States did not wish to
impose its policies on Austria-Hungary and that the Empire should be left
alone. The proposed cease-fire to end World War I, on the other hand, was based
on Wilson’s Fourteen Points, which insisted that the various nationalities
within the empire be given self-determination. Primary documents such as Wilson’s
Presidential Papers and Foreign Relations of the United States show that the
United States chose to impose self-determination on the peoples of the former
Austro-Hungarian Empire, and thereby determined the post-war landscape of
Southeastern and Central Europe.
Biography: Colleen Harris is a junior history major at Jacksonville
University. She presented a paper at the Florida Conference of Historians in
2002 and at the 16th National Conference on Undergraduate Research.
Jess H. Jacobs, Jacksonville University,
Jacksonville, FL
E-mail: jess-jacobs@excite.com
Faculty Advisor: Dick Gibson
Panel: Innovative Teaching, F2
Presentation Abstract: Quarterstaff,
Halfstaff, Fisticuffs, and Wrestling: the Medieval Yeoman’s Martial Arts
Much has been written about the aristocratic uses of the sword, lance, and
horse in the Middle Ages and Renaissance, but almost no scholarly attention has
been focused on the martial arts of the lower classes. During the Renaissance,
as the knightly caste began to move into lighter-weight swords and near-modern
fencing techniques, the English yeoman was still sturdily defending himself
with the quarterstaff (or cudgel), the half-staff (the ancestor of the walking
stick) and with good old fisticuffs. This paper examines the development and
uses of these lower-class martial arts for the Medieval/Renaissance English
yeoman as reflected in the literature and manuals of the period, as well as
seen in the very few visual sources, such as the illuminations in Henry VII’s
prayer book, the Hours of Catherine of Cleves, and the nearly unique,
illustrated 15th-century manual of close-quarter combat by Hans
Talhoffer. The paper will feature all three participants and include a lively
demonstration of some of the combat forms.
Biography: Jess Jacobs, a native of
St. Louis, Missouri, is a junior in the Chemical Engineering program at
Jacksonville University. He has a lifetime fascination with Medieval culture,
especially in the martial arts, including a high school career in grappling—the
grip-and-hold form of wrestling. He is currently the President of the JU Feast
& Folly Players and is working with Dr. Gibson on a book-length study of
the Medieval/Renaissance yeoman’s martial arts.
Jean Louise Lammie, St. Leo University, St. Leo, FL
E-Mail:
Faculty Advisor: Jennifer Trost
Panel: Literary Heroines in History, F1
Presentation Abstract: "Fictional Heroines of Girls' Series Literature:
Role Models of the Twentieth Century"
Biography:
Justin Lang, Jacksonville University,
Jacksonville, FL
E-mail: jlang@ju.edu
Faculty Advisor: Dick Gibson
Panel: Innovative Teaching, F2
Presentation Abstract: Quarterstaff,
Halfstaff, Fisticuffs, and Wrestling: the Medieval Yeoman’s Martial Arts
Much has been written about the aristocratic uses of the sword, lance, and
horse in the Middle Ages and Renaissance, but almost no scholarly attention has
been focused on the martial arts of the lower classes. During the Renaissance,
as the knightly caste began to move into lighter-weight swords and near-modern
fencing techniques, the English yeoman was still sturdily defending himself
with the quarterstaff (or cudgel), the half-staff (the ancestor of the walking
stick) and with good old fisticuffs. This paper examines the development and
uses of these lower-class martial arts for the Medieval/Renaissance English
yeoman as reflected in the literature and manuals of the period, as well as
seen in the very few visual sources, such as the illuminations in Henry VII’s
prayer book, the Hours of Catherine of Cleves, and the nearly unique,
illustrated 15th-century manual of close-quarter combat by Hans
Talhoffer. The paper will feature all three participants and include a lively
demonstration of some of the combat forms.
Biography: Justin Lang is a native
of Jacksonville, Florida, and is a junior in the Aviation Management program at
Jacksonville University. He has considerable experience with many performance
arts, especially in vocal and instrumental performance techniques, and has
starred with the Feast & Folly Players as the title characters in
“Everyman” and “St. George and the Dragon.” He works with Dr. Gibson in a
book-length study of the Medieval/Renaissance yeoman’s martial arts.
Christi McCullars, Stetson University, Deland, FL
E-mail: Stetsoneconomist@aol.com
Faculty Advisor:
Panel: America and the Cold War, F4
Presentation Abstract: "Operation Pedro Pan: Cold War Foreign Policy in Neverland"
Between December 1960 and October 1962, as Fidel Castro consolidated
Communist rule in Cuba, 14,048 Cuban children immigrated to the United States.
The children, granted special waivers to enter the United States unaccompanied,
found refuge through the care of the Cuban Children’s Program. The United
States allowed a Roman Catholic priest, Monsignor Bryan Walsh, extraordinary
latitude to issue student visa waivers to children in Cuba. Hundreds of people
of diverse nationalities assisted in the covert distribution of the waivers in
Cuba and in the childrens’ resettlement in the United States. This exodus,
known as "Operation Pedro Pan," is the largest immigration of refugee
children ever known in the Western Hemisphere. This unique event is a relatively
unknown, but enlightening, episode of the Cold War as conducted in the Western
Hemisphere. To most of its participants, Operation Pedro Pan was a truly
humanitarian effort; however, Cold War politics cast a shadow of intrigue and
propaganda over the Operation. Despite the obvious humanitarian concerns that
motivated it, it is equally true that, were it not for the context of the Cold
War, Operation Pedro Pan would never have occurred.
Biography: Christi McCullars is a senior, non-traditional student at Stetson
University. She plans to graduate in May with a double major in History and
Economics. She plans eventually to enroll in a doctoral program in Economics.
She is the President of Stetson's chapter of Omicron Delta Epsilon, the
economics honor society. She is also a member of Phi Alpha Theta.
Clara Sherley-Appel, Randolph-Macon Woman's College, Lynchburg, VA
E-mail: crsherleyappel@rmwc.edu
Faculty Advisor: Gerard Sherayko
Panel: America and the Cold War, F4
Presentation Abstract: "Ambivalent Culture: Film and McCarthyism"
After World War II, widespread hysteria that communists were
"invading" led to a series of events that jeopardized American
freedoms such as those of speech and assembly. Guided by Senator Joseph
McCarthy of Wisconsin, the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC)
exposed suspected communists, claiming that to hold with communist ideology
equated with being a traitor. During the so-called "McCarthy era,"
HUAC went after Hollywood to gain influence and power. Consequently, several
directors, actors, screenwriters, and others were "blacklisted,"
labeled as communist spies and forced out of work in the years following the
trials of Alger Hiss and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. HUAC's focus on Hollywood
led to the production of a number of anti-communist films. Fearing they would
be called before HUAC," few producers in America were willing to support
blacklisted people. Even so, a number of films produced during the era showed
ambivalence toward the issue as a means of critiquing the HUAC hearings and the
practice of forcing people to "name names" of other communists. This
paper discusses films of the "Blacklist" era and their ambivalence,
which their makers used to commiserate with their blacklisted Hollywood friends
without revealing their political leanings to those with the power to destroy
them.
Biography: Clara Sherley-Appel is an undergraduate student at
Randolph-Macon Woman's College in Lynchburg, VA. She is majoring in History and
Philosophy with special emphasis on social history of the United States. She
hopes to pursue graduate work on that subject upon graduation.
Jennifer Williams, Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic
University, Jupiter FL
E-mail: minikin311@aol.com
Faculty Advisor: Christopher Strain
Panel: The Politics, Economics, and Culture of Race in the Second Half of
the Twentieth Century, S3
Presentation Abstract: "Compromised Civil Rights in Florida"
From 1949 to the late 1960’s, Florida political leaders, businessmen, and
the media minimized the impact of racial violence and curtailed the
effectiveness of civil rights activism within the state by aggressively
promoting economic development and tourism. Their efforts to portray Florida as
a moderate Southern state were so successful that they deferred widespread
racial integration in Florida until the late 1960’s and simultaneously
attracted one of the largest and most cautious business endeavors of the time,
Walt Disney World. This paper explores the impact of economic development and
tourist solicitation on Civil Rights activity and violence in Florida. By
exploring the Groveland rape case of 1949, the Harry T. Moore bombing of 1951,
and the 1964 Martin Luther King, Jr. extravaganza in St. Augustine, it is
apparent that economic interests provided an environment in which Florida’s
political leaders compromised civil rights, while appearing as one of the most
moderate and progressive of the Southern states—moderate enough to convince
Walt Disney to build his Magic Kingdom smack in the middle of some of the worst
civil rights violence in the South.
Biography: Jennifer Williams is a senior at the Harriet Wilkes Honors
College of Florida Atlantic University majoring in History. A former television
producer, she returned to Florida three years ago to pursue her undergraduate
degree. Last summer, she received one of twelve National Endowment for the
Humanities Summer Internships. Upon graduating in July 2003, she hopes to enter
a graduate program in U.S. History to earn a doctorate. She plans to specialize
in U.S. Southern History. Ultimately, she hopes to combine her professional
television experience with her academic expertise to teach and to develop new
methods of presenting history to students, academics and the general public.